{"id":8572,"date":"2015-10-06T19:27:15","date_gmt":"2015-10-06T17:27:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/?p=8572"},"modified":"2015-10-06T19:27:15","modified_gmt":"2015-10-06T17:27:15","slug":"du-gaz-de-schiste-americain-dans-latmosphere-europeenne","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/du-gaz-de-schiste-americain-dans-latmosphere-europeenne\/","title":{"rendered":"Du gaz de schiste am\u00e9ricain dans l\u2019atmosph\u00e8re europ\u00e9enne !"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"1665f18d14f35dd9e7566e1a8ac9a3e9\" data-index=\"1\" style=\"float: none; margin:10px 0 10px 0; text-align:center;\">\n<script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\"\r\n     data-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-2860849627502538\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"3019501113\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Une \u00e9quipe de l\u2019universit\u00e9 de Li\u00e8ge (Belgique) a d\u00e9tect\u00e9 de l\u2019\u00e9thane dans ses mesures de gaz de l\u2019atmosph\u00e8re prises dans une station d\u2019altitude en Suisse. La provenance fait peu de doute : l\u2019extraction du gaz de schiste aux \u00c9tats-Unis.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">L\u2019Institut d\u2019Astrophysique et de G\u00e9ophysique de l\u2019universit\u00e9 de Li\u00e8ge exploite depuis le d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es 1990 un spectrom\u00e8tre infrarouge \u00e0 transform\u00e9e de Fourier install\u00e9 \u00e0 3580m d\u2019altitude dans la station suisse de Jungfraujoch. L\u2019appareil mesure l\u2019abondance et la r\u00e9partition d\u2019une trentaine de gaz de l\u2019atmosph\u00e8re jusqu\u2019\u00e0 100km de hauteur, limite haute de l\u2019atmosph\u00e8re. \u00ab\u00a0Avec 25 ans de donn\u00e9es, nous avons eu l\u2019id\u00e9e de construire une s\u00e9rie temporelle sur l\u2019\u00e9volution d\u2019un gaz, l\u2019\u00e9thane, dont la source d\u2019\u00e9mission est tr\u00e8s sp\u00e9cifique\u00a0\u00bb, explique Bruno Franco, principal auteur de l\u2019\u00e9tude parue dans le Journal of quantitative spectroscopy and radiative transfer.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">A l\u2019inverse du m\u00e9thane dont les \u00e9missions sont diffuses et tr\u00e8s vari\u00e9es (\u00e9levage, agriculture, marais, r\u00e9chauffement du permafrost, etc.), l\u2019\u00e9thane n\u2019est issu que des fuites de gaz naturel du puits d\u2019extraction au remplissage de r\u00e9servoirs et citernes en passant par les pipelines. Il est donc plus facilement tra\u00e7able.\u00a0\u00bbA notre plus grande surprise, nous avons constat\u00e9 que depuis 2009, ces \u00e9missions augmentaient de 5% par an alors que dans les deux d\u00e9cennies pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes elles diminuaient annuellement de 1%\u00a0\u00bb, s\u2019\u00e9tonne Bruno Franco. La baisse continue des \u00e9missions d\u2019\u00e9thane \u00e9tait le fruit d\u2019actions vertueuses de limitation des fuites de gaz naturel tout au long du r\u00e9seau du distribution. Et voil\u00e0 qu\u2019en cinq ans, tous ces efforts sont balay\u00e9s!<\/p><div class=\"1665f18d14f35dd9e7566e1a8ac9a3e9\" data-index=\"2\" style=\"float: none; margin:10px 0 10px 0; text-align:center;\">\n<script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\"\r\n     data-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-2860849627502538\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"3019501113\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/gaz-de-schiste.jpg\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"8574\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/du-gaz-de-schiste-americain-dans-latmosphere-europeenne\/gaz-de-schiste\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/gaz-de-schiste.jpg?fit=655%2C334&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"655,334\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"gaz-de-schiste\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/gaz-de-schiste.jpg?fit=655%2C334&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-8574\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/gaz-de-schiste.jpg?resize=655%2C334\" alt=\"gaz-de-schiste\" width=\"655\" height=\"334\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/gaz-de-schiste.jpg?w=655&amp;ssl=1 655w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/gaz-de-schiste.jpg?resize=300%2C153&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 655px) 100vw, 655px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Mais d\u2019o\u00f9 peut bien venir ce gaz ? Les chercheurs belges sollicitent tout naturellement leurs homologues am\u00e9ricains. La vingtaine de stations de spectrom\u00e9trie en infrarouges dans le monde est en effet r\u00e9unie au sein du Network for detection of atmosph\u00e9ric composition change (NDACC). Les stations nord- am\u00e9ricaines recherchent et d\u00e9tectent la m\u00eame hausse d\u2019\u00e9thane ainsi que celles du grand nord canadien et du Groenland. En revanche, la station n\u00e9o-z\u00e9landaise n\u2019enregistre aucun changement. \u00ab\u00a0Il s\u2019agit donc d\u2019\u00e9missions se situant dans les latitudes temp\u00e9r\u00e9es de l\u2019h\u00e9misph\u00e8re nord et ces \u00e9missions sont massives puisqu\u2019elles sont mesurables en Europe alors que l\u2019\u00e9thane n\u2019a que deux mois de dur\u00e9e de vie dans l\u2019atmosph\u00e8re\u00a0\u00bb, poursuit Bruno Franco.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">extrait et source de <a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencesetavenir.fr\/nature-environnement\/pollution\/20151006.OBS7165\/du-gaz-de-schiste-americain-dans-l-atmosphere-europeenne.html\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.sciencesetavenir.fr\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"bawpvc-ajax-counter\" data-id=\"8572\">(191)<\/p>\n<!--CusAds0-->\n<div style=\"font-size: 0px; height: 0px; line-height: 0px; margin: 0; padding: 0; clear: both;\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Une \u00e9quipe de l\u2019universit\u00e9 de Li\u00e8ge (Belgique) a d\u00e9tect\u00e9 de l\u2019\u00e9thane dans ses mesures de gaz de l\u2019atmosph\u00e8re prises dans&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":8573,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[28],"tags":[252,1235,3384,4835,4836,188,1138,4834,259],"class_list":["post-8572","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-pollution","tag-atmosphere","tag-augmentation","tag-baisse","tag-detection","tag-ethane","tag-europe","tag-gaz","tag-gaz-de-schistes","tag-usa","wpcat-28-id"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/gaz-de-schiste-USA.jpg?fit=700%2C369&ssl=1","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p631RN-2eg","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":5682,"url":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/le-gaz-de-schiste\/","url_meta":{"origin":8572,"position":0},"title":"Le Gaz de Schiste","author":"Admin","date":"2 f\u00e9vrier 2011","format":false,"excerpt":"Les gaz de schistes (shale gas) ont connu un essor extraordinaire ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es aux \u00c9tats-Unis. En Europe, les compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res commencent seulement de s'int\u00e9resser \u00e0 ces gaz non conventionnels dont les ressources pourraient \u00eatre importantes. Roland Vially, g\u00e9ologue \u00e0 IFP Energies nouvelles, nous explique quels sont les enjeux li\u00e9s\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Divers&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Divers","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/sujets\/divers\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":4917,"url":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/titan-de-gigantesques-reserves-dhydrocarbure\/","url_meta":{"origin":8572,"position":1},"title":"Titan: de gigantesques r\u00e9serves d&rsquo;hydrocarbure","author":"Admin","date":"12 juin 2009","format":false,"excerpt":"La lune (On appelle lune tout satellite naturel d'une plan\u00e8te, mais la Lune, avec un L majuscule, d\u00e9signe le seul satellite...) orange de Saturne, Titan (Cliquez sur l'image pour une description), a des centaines de fois plus d'hydrocarbures liquides que l'ensemble (En th\u00e9orie des ensembles, un ensemble, d\u00e9signe intuitivement une\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Espace&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Espace","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/sujets\/espace\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/titan.jpg?fit=389%2C292&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":5406,"url":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/vie-extraterrestre-titan-un-bon-candidat\/","url_meta":{"origin":8572,"position":2},"title":"Vie extraterrestre : Titan, un bon candidat ?","author":"Admin","date":"18 juin 2010","format":false,"excerpt":"Espace - Les mesures relev\u00e9es par la sonde spatiale Cassini am\u00e8nent certains chercheurs \u00e0 \u00e9voquer la possibilit\u00e9 d'une vie sur Titan, la plus grande des lunes de Saturne. Les analyses effectu\u00e9es lors de la mission euro-am\u00e9ricaine Cassini-Huygens, d\u00e9but\u00e9e en 2004, indiquent une intense activit\u00e9 chimique organique \u00e0 la surface de\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Espace&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Espace","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/sujets\/espace\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/titan1.jpg?fit=573%2C580&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/titan1.jpg?fit=573%2C580&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/titan1.jpg?fit=573%2C580&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":23530,"url":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/des-chercheurs-decouvrent-des-preuves-que-la-fracturation-hydraulique-peut-declencher-un-tout-nouveau-type-de-tremblement-de-terre\/","url_meta":{"origin":8572,"position":3},"title":"Des chercheurs d\u00e9couvrent des preuves que la fracturation hydraulique peut d\u00e9clencher un tout nouveau type de tremblement de terre","author":"Admin","date":"11 d\u00e9cembre 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"L'extraction de p\u00e9trole et de gaz peut d\u00e9clencher de petits tremblements de terre lents et de longue dur\u00e9e, que les scientifiques ont document\u00e9s pour la premi\u00e8re fois dans les champs de fracturation hydraulique canadiens. Une \u00e9quipe de chercheurs de la Commission g\u00e9ologique du Canada a document\u00e9 un nouveau type de\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Pollution&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Pollution","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/sujets\/pollution\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/petrole-pompage.jpg?fit=1024%2C576&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/petrole-pompage.jpg?fit=1024%2C576&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/petrole-pompage.jpg?fit=1024%2C576&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/petrole-pompage.jpg?fit=1024%2C576&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":11431,"url":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/exomars-la-mission-pour-la-recherche-de-la-vie\/","url_meta":{"origin":8572,"position":4},"title":"Exomars, la mission pour la recherche de la vie","author":"Admin","date":"14 mars 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"Les Am\u00e9ricains ne seront bient\u00f4t plus seuls sur Mars. 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Si la Terre est le seul endroit connu de l'Univers o\u00f9 la vie est pr\u00e9sente, la d\u00e9tection de la vie au-del\u00e0 de la Terre est un objectif majeur de l'astronomie moderne et de la science plan\u00e9taire. Nous sommes deux scientifiques \u00e0\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Espace&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Espace","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/sujets\/espace\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/exoplanete-trappist.jpg?fit=1024%2C415&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/exoplanete-trappist.jpg?fit=1024%2C415&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/exoplanete-trappist.jpg?fit=1024%2C415&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/exoplanete-trappist.jpg?fit=1024%2C415&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8572","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8572"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8572\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8575,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8572\/revisions\/8575"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8573"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8572"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8572"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8572"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}