{"id":6828,"date":"2015-06-07T00:00:14","date_gmt":"2015-06-06T22:00:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/?p=6828"},"modified":"2015-05-22T15:49:25","modified_gmt":"2015-05-22T13:49:25","slug":"un-nuage-dantimatiere-decouvert-au-coeur-dun-orage","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/un-nuage-dantimatiere-decouvert-au-coeur-dun-orage\/","title":{"rendered":"Un nuage d&rsquo;antimati\u00e8re d\u00e9couvert au coeur d&rsquo;un orage"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"1665f18d14f35dd9e7566e1a8ac9a3e9\" data-index=\"1\" style=\"float: none; margin:10px 0 10px 0; text-align:center;\">\n<script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\"\r\n     data-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-2860849627502538\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"3019501113\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">C\u2019est en voulant \u00e9tudier les rayons gamma dans l\u2019atmosph\u00e8re qu\u2019un avion scientifique est rentr\u00e9 dans un nuage de positrons, des particules d\u2019antimati\u00e8re, au sein m\u00eame d\u2019un violent orage.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Le vol scientifique effectu\u00e9 par l\u2019\u00e9quipe du physicien Joseph Dwyer de l\u2019universit\u00e9 de Santa Cruz en Californie date de 2009, mais c\u2019est seulement apr\u00e8s six ann\u00e9es de recherches qu\u2019ils s\u2019appr\u00eatent finalement \u00e0 publier leurs travaux.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">L\u2019avion utilis\u00e9 pendant l\u2019exp\u00e9rience, un Gulfstream V, \u00e9tait \u00e9quip\u00e9 d\u2019un d\u00e9tecteur de particules pour \u00e9tudier les rayons gamma de l\u2019atmosph\u00e8re. Apr\u00e8s une mauvaise man\u0153uvre, celui-ci est rentr\u00e9 dans un orage tr\u00e8s violent. La puissance \u00e9tait telle que le pilote manqua de perdre le contr\u00f4le de l\u2019appareil.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Apr\u00e8s que l\u2019avion eut r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 se poser , les scientifiques ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 extraire les donn\u00e9es, ils se sont aper\u00e7us que le d\u00e9tecteur avait enregistr\u00e9 trois pics de rayons gamma lorsqu\u2019ils traversaient l\u2019orage. D\u2019apr\u00e8s les auteurs de l\u2019\u00e9tude, ces pics d\u2019\u00e9nergie situ\u00e9e autour des 511 keV, sont la signature de la pr\u00e9sence de positrons, les antiparticules des \u00e9lectrons. Autrement dit, la perte de contr\u00f4le par le pilote \u00e9tait due \u00e0 la formation d\u2019un nuage d\u2019antimati\u00e8re large de 1 \u00e0 2 km qui aurait pi\u00e9g\u00e9 l\u2019avion.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Un nuage difficilement explicable<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Dans leur publication, relay\u00e9e par le site Nature, les auteurs \u00e9mettent deux hypoth\u00e8ses :<\/p><div class=\"1665f18d14f35dd9e7566e1a8ac9a3e9\" data-index=\"2\" style=\"float: none; margin:10px 0 10px 0; text-align:center;\">\n<script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\"\r\n     data-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-2860849627502538\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"3019501113\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u2013 les nuages \u00e9lectriquement charg\u00e9s lib\u00e8rent des \u00e9lectrons qui acc\u00e9l\u00e8rent jusqu\u2019\u00e0 presque atteindre la vitesse de la lumi\u00e8re et produisent des rayons gamma. Il arrive que ces rayons frappent alors des noyaux atomiques, g\u00e9n\u00e9rant ainsi un couple \u00e9lectron-positron. Le pic d\u2019\u00e9nergie de rayons gamma relev\u00e9 est cependant trop faible en \u00e9nergie pour produire un tel ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u2013 des rayons cosmiques auraient pu heurter les atomes de l\u2019atmosph\u00e8re terrestre et g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des positrons autour de l\u2019avion. Pourtant, le ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne n\u2019a pas g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9 d\u2019autres types de rayonnements, ce qui aurait d\u00fb \u00eatre le cas pour valider cette hypoth\u00e8se.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Aucune de ces deux hypoth\u00e8ses n\u2019est aujourd\u2019hui jug\u00e9e tr\u00e8s probable. Le myst\u00e8re reste donc entier. \u00ab L\u2019int\u00e9rieur des orages est un paysage bizarre que nous commen\u00e7ons \u00e0 peine \u00e0 explorer \u00bb, a indiqu\u00e9 J. Dwyer dans la revue Nature.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">J. Dwyer a besoin de nouvelles donn\u00e9es. Il envoie donc des ballons au c\u0153ur des orages les plus violents afin de les \u00e9tudier plus pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment. D\u2019autres \u00e9quipes de scientifiques \u00e9tudient \u00e9galement le sujet et la National Science Foundation envisage m\u00eame d\u2019envoyer un avion \u00e9quip\u00e9 d\u2019un blindage anti-char pour r\u00e9sister \u00e0 la foudre.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/\" target=\"_blank\">TDF<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Sources : <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/news\/rogue-antimatter-found-in-thunderclouds-1.17526\" target=\"_blank\">Nature<\/a>\u00a0\/\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/sciencepost.fr\/\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/sciencepost.fr\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"bawpvc-ajax-counter\" data-id=\"6828\">(480)<\/p>\n<!--CusAds0-->\n<div style=\"font-size: 0px; height: 0px; line-height: 0px; margin: 0; padding: 0; clear: both;\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>C\u2019est en voulant \u00e9tudier les rayons gamma dans l\u2019atmosph\u00e8re qu\u2019un avion scientifique est rentr\u00e9 dans un nuage de positrons, des&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6829,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[32],"tags":[4340,252,89,4341,101,1727,180,61,2227,4342],"class_list":["post-6828","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-meteorologie","tag-antimatiere","tag-atmosphere","tag-avion","tag-electrons","tag-energie","tag-foudre","tag-nuages","tag-orage","tag-plasma","tag-rayons-gamma","wpcat-32-id"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/avion-orages.jpg?fit=1280%2C853&ssl=1","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p631RN-1M8","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":16981,"url":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/le-petit-satellite-francais-taranis-va-etudier-les-secrets-des-orages\/","url_meta":{"origin":6828,"position":0},"title":"Le petit satellite fran\u00e7ais Taranis va \u00e9tudier les secrets des orages","author":"Admin","date":"21 septembre 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"Il est tout petit, ne p\u00e8se que 185 kilos, mais il va s\u2019int\u00e9resser, depuis l\u2019espace, aux \u00e9normes et puissants orages qui s\u00e9vissent par milliers chaque jour au sein de notre atmosph\u00e8re. Assembl\u00e9 au Cnes (Centre national d\u2019\u00e9tudes spatiales) \u00e0 Toulouse, Taranis va d\u00e9coller fin 2019. Avec l\u2019id\u00e9e d\u2019en apprendre plus\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;M\u00e9t\u00e9orologie&quot;","block_context":{"text":"M\u00e9t\u00e9orologie","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/sujets\/meteorologie\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/satellite-taranis.jpg?fit=1200%2C678&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/satellite-taranis.jpg?fit=1200%2C678&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/satellite-taranis.jpg?fit=1200%2C678&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/satellite-taranis.jpg?fit=1200%2C678&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/satellite-taranis.jpg?fit=1200%2C678&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":22794,"url":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/les-physiciens-ont-compris-comment-nous-pourrions-faire-de-lantimatiere-a-partir-de-la-lumiere\/","url_meta":{"origin":6828,"position":1},"title":"Les physiciens ont compris comment nous pourrions faire de l&rsquo;antimati\u00e8re \u00e0 partir de la lumi\u00e8re","author":"Admin","date":"27 juillet 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"Une nouvelle \u00e9tude men\u00e9e par des scientifiques a d\u00e9montr\u00e9 comment les chercheurs pourraient \u00eatre en mesure de cr\u00e9er un jet acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9 d'antimati\u00e8re \u00e0 partir de la lumi\u00e8re. Une \u00e9quipe de physiciens a montr\u00e9 que des lasers \u00e0 haute intensit\u00e9 peuvent \u00eatre utilis\u00e9s pour g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des photons gamma en collision -\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Solutions&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Solutions","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/sujets\/solutions\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/lumiere-antimatiere.jpg?fit=1024%2C415&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/lumiere-antimatiere.jpg?fit=1024%2C415&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/lumiere-antimatiere.jpg?fit=1024%2C415&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/lumiere-antimatiere.jpg?fit=1024%2C415&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":26797,"url":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/preuve-que-les-rayons-cosmiques-declenchent-la-foudre\/","url_meta":{"origin":6828,"position":2},"title":"Preuve que les rayons cosmiques d\u00e9clenchent la foudre","author":"Admin","date":"31 mars 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"Via SpaceWeather.com Chaque seconde, pr\u00e8s de 50 \u00e9clairs zigzaguent dans le ciel de la Terre. Malgr\u00e9 des si\u00e8cles d'\u00e9tudes, les chercheurs ne savent toujours pas comment les \u00e9clairs se d\u00e9clenchent. Les champs \u00e9lectriques dans les nuages d'orage sont souvent trop faibles pour d\u00e9clencher une d\u00e9charge puissante. Une nouvelle \u00e9tude publi\u00e9e\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;M\u00e9t\u00e9orologie&quot;","block_context":{"text":"M\u00e9t\u00e9orologie","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/sujets\/meteorologie\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/foudre.jpg?fit=1024%2C723&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/foudre.jpg?fit=1024%2C723&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/foudre.jpg?fit=1024%2C723&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/foudre.jpg?fit=1024%2C723&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":1403,"url":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/un-nouveau-document-suggere-que-les-rayons-cosmiques-declencheraient-la-foudre\/","url_meta":{"origin":6828,"position":3},"title":"Un nouveau document sugg\u00e8re que les rayons cosmiques d\u00e9clencheraient la foudre.","author":"Admin","date":"23 mai 2013","format":false,"excerpt":"Les rayons cosmiques sont cens\u00e9s avoir des effets significatifs sur le climat en augmentant la formation de nuages \u200b\u200bet d'agir comme des amplificateurs de l'activit\u00e9 solaire [la th\u00e9orie de cosmo-climatologie de Svensmark]. Un nouveau document pourrait finalement r\u00e9soudre le myst\u00e8re de ce qui d\u00e9clenche la foudre, on a trouv\u00e9 que\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Climat&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Climat","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/sujets\/climat\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":24849,"url":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/les-nuages-de-notre-planete-terre\/","url_meta":{"origin":6828,"position":4},"title":"Les Nuages de notre plan\u00e8te Terre","author":"Admin","date":"7 avril 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"Il existe de nombreux types de nuages dans notre atmosph\u00e8re, chacun ayant une apparence et des caract\u00e9ristiques particuli\u00e8res. Voici donc une liste des types de nuages\u00a0 : Cirrus : Les nuages cirrus sont minces et blancs. Ils sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement situ\u00e9s \u00e0 plus de 6 000 m\u00e8tres au-dessus du niveau de\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;M\u00e9t\u00e9orologie&quot;","block_context":{"text":"M\u00e9t\u00e9orologie","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/sujets\/meteorologie\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/nuages-terre.jpg?fit=1000%2C615&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/nuages-terre.jpg?fit=1000%2C615&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/nuages-terre.jpg?fit=1000%2C615&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/nuages-terre.jpg?fit=1000%2C615&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":26008,"url":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/larctique-se-rechauffe-rapidement-ces-nuages-peuvent-fournir-des-indices-sur-les-raisons-de-ce-rechauffement\/","url_meta":{"origin":6828,"position":5},"title":"L&rsquo;Arctique se r\u00e9chauffe rapidement. Ces nuages peuvent fournir des indices sur les raisons de ce r\u00e9chauffement","author":"Admin","date":"24 juin 2024","format":false,"excerpt":"Dans l'Arctique, un myst\u00e9rieux ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne atmosph\u00e9rique g\u00e9n\u00e8re certains des nuages les plus \u00e9tranges de la plan\u00e8te. L\u00e0-haut, des tra\u00een\u00e9es de nuages peuvent rapidement se transformer en orages gigantesques. Ces nuages \u00e9tranges ne sont pas seulement fascinants sur le plan visuel. Ils ne sont pas non plus les seuls \u00e0 \u00eatre\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Climat&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Climat","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/sujets\/climat\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/nuages-arctique.jpg?fit=1024%2C1024&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/nuages-arctique.jpg?fit=1024%2C1024&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/nuages-arctique.jpg?fit=1024%2C1024&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/nuages-arctique.jpg?fit=1024%2C1024&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6828","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6828"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6828\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6834,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6828\/revisions\/6834"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6829"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6828"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6828"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6828"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}