{"id":4450,"date":"2008-06-09T20:51:15","date_gmt":"2008-06-09T18:51:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil1\/?p=4450"},"modified":"2015-04-12T20:52:51","modified_gmt":"2015-04-12T18:52:51","slug":"carburant-un-nouveau-procede-de-fabrication-de-lethanol","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/carburant-un-nouveau-procede-de-fabrication-de-lethanol\/","title":{"rendered":"Carburant : un nouveau proc\u00e9d\u00e9 de fabrication de l&rsquo;\u00e9thanol"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"1665f18d14f35dd9e7566e1a8ac9a3e9\" data-index=\"1\" style=\"float: none; margin:10px 0 10px 0; text-align:center;\">\n<script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\"\r\n     data-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-2860849627502538\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"3019501113\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><strong>Des scientifiques de l&rsquo;Universit\u00e9 du Texas \u00e0 Austin ont mis au point un nouveau proc\u00e9d\u00e9 de fabrication d&rsquo;\u00e9thanol.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Cette nouvelle m\u00e9thode implique l&rsquo;utilisation d&rsquo;une bact\u00e9rie, et plus particuli\u00e8rement d&rsquo;une cyanobact\u00e9rie photosynth\u00e9tique rencontr\u00e9e commun\u00e9ment sous l&rsquo;appellation d&rsquo;algue bleu-verte.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Ces cyanobact\u00e9ries modifi\u00e9es par l&rsquo;implantation d&rsquo;un ensemble de g\u00e8nes (de la bact\u00e9rie du vinaigre), \u00ab\u00a0Acetobacter xylinum\u00a0\u00bb, (producteur cellulosique non-photosynth\u00e9tique) s\u00e9cr\u00e8tent de la cellulose, du glucose et du saccharose. Ces sucres \u00e9l\u00e9mentaires sont les principales substances utilis\u00e9es dans la chaine de production de l&rsquo;\u00e9thanol.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">\u00ab\u00a0<em>Une pression est exerc\u00e9e sur l&rsquo;ensemble des producteurs (am\u00e9ricains) de ma\u00efs pour produire du ma\u00efs \u00e0 destination des biocarburants<\/em>\u00ab\u00a0, explique le Professeur R. Malcolm Brown Jr , pr\u00e9sident de la chaire en biologie cellulaire d&rsquo;Austin. \u00ab\u00a0<em>La m\u00eame pression existe actuellement au Br\u00e9sil afin d&rsquo;exploiter davantage la for\u00eat amazonienne pour produire plus de canne \u00e0 sucre et r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 nos besoins \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques croissants. Et nous ne voulons pas de cela<\/em>.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n<p>Les sources biomasses utilis\u00e9es ou envisag\u00e9es pour la production d&rsquo;\u00e9thanol aux \u00c9tats-Unis comprennent l&rsquo;herbe et le bois (cellulose), le ma\u00efs (glucose) et la canne \u00e0 sucre (saccharose). Des algues sont \u00e9galement en cours d&rsquo;\u00e9laboration pour la production de biodi\u00e9sel.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Selon les chercheurs impliqu\u00e9s dans ce projet, 2 millions de km2 de superficie permettrait d&rsquo;alimenter le syst\u00e8me de transport des Etats-Unis, en \u00e9thanol.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">La cyanobact\u00e9rie utilise la lumi\u00e8re du soleil comme source d&rsquo;\u00e9nergie pour sa propre croissance. Contrairement aux cultures vivri\u00e8res qui sont utilis\u00e9es (et d\u00e9truitent d\u00e9finitivement) pour produire de l&rsquo;\u00e9thanol, le glucose, le saccharose, et la cellulose sont obtenus sans nuire aux cyanobact\u00e9ries. Le glucose et le saccharose peuvent facilement \u00eatre transform\u00e9s en \u00e9thanol. G\u00e9n\u00e9ralement, les mati\u00e8res transform\u00e9es proviennent d&rsquo;usines de cellulose qui n\u00e9cessitent des processus industriels co\u00fbteux. <strong>Les cyanobact\u00e9ries \u00e9limineraient ces proc\u00e9d\u00e9s co\u00fbteux de transformation.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Les professeurs R. Malcolm Brown Jr. et David Nobles Jr. indiquent que leurs cyanobact\u00e9ries peuvent \u00eatre cultiv\u00e9es sur des surfaces de production dont la terre agricole est non-cultivable et impropre \u00e0 l&rsquo;alimentation humaine.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">sources : <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.enerzine.com\/\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">http:\/\/www.enerzine.com<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size: small;\">\u00a0\/ Universit\u00e9 du Texas &#8211; Austin<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"bawpvc-ajax-counter\" data-id=\"4450\">(316)<\/p>\n<!--CusAds0-->\n<div style=\"font-size: 0px; height: 0px; line-height: 0px; margin: 0; padding: 0; clear: both;\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Des scientifiques de l&rsquo;Universit\u00e9 du Texas \u00e0 Austin ont mis au point un nouveau proc\u00e9d\u00e9 de fabrication d&rsquo;\u00e9thanol. Cette nouvelle&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4451,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[26],"tags":[3413,1351,3412,3410,962,3411,38,3235],"class_list":["post-4450","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-solutions","tag-biomasses","tag-ethanol","tag-herbe","tag-implantation","tag-lumiere","tag-producteurs","tag-solutions","tag-sources","wpcat-26-id"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/cyanobacterie.jpg?fit=299%2C200&ssl=1","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p631RN-19M","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":1034,"url":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/mais-la-catastrophe-du-biocarburant\/","url_meta":{"origin":4450,"position":0},"title":"Ma\u00efs: la catastrophe du biocarburant","author":"Admin","date":"4 septembre 2012","format":false,"excerpt":"Jour apr\u00e8s jour, alors que la s\u00e9cheresse a continu\u00e9 d\u2019\u00e9touffer le Midwest am\u00e9ricain cet \u00e9t\u00e9 2012, le caract\u00e8re scandaleux de la transformation du ma\u00efs en carburant s\u2019impose de plus en plus. Ces derni\u00e8res semaines, les prix du ma\u00efs ont augment\u00e9 d'environ 50%. Il ont r\u00e9cemment atteint 8,20$ le boisseau, une\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Pollution&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Pollution","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/sujets\/pollution\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"ma\u00efs essence","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/09\/mais-essence.jpg?fit=605%2C403&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/09\/mais-essence.jpg?fit=605%2C403&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/09\/mais-essence.jpg?fit=605%2C403&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":20433,"url":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/vers-un-monde-dont-le-beton-pourrait-sauto-reparer-seul\/","url_meta":{"origin":4450,"position":1},"title":"Vers un monde dont le b\u00e9ton pourrait s&rsquo;auto r\u00e9parer seul","author":"Admin","date":"19 f\u00e9vrier 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"Les scientifiques cr\u00e9ent un \u00e9trange \u00abb\u00e9ton vivant\u00bb qui se gu\u00e9rit lorsqu'il est endommag\u00e9. Des scientifiques de l'Universit\u00e9 du Colorado, Boulder, ont cr\u00e9\u00e9 ce que le New York Times appelle un \u00abb\u00e9ton vivant\u00bb, regorgeant de bact\u00e9ries photosynth\u00e9tiques, qui peuvent se d\u00e9velopper et se r\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9rer - un peu comme un organisme vivant.\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Monde Futur&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Monde Futur","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/sujets\/monde-futur\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/beton-auto-reparant-1.jpg?fit=1024%2C415&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/beton-auto-reparant-1.jpg?fit=1024%2C415&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/beton-auto-reparant-1.jpg?fit=1024%2C415&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/beton-auto-reparant-1.jpg?fit=1024%2C415&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":1595,"url":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/du-diesel-de-graisses-animales\/","url_meta":{"origin":4450,"position":2},"title":"Du diesel de graisses animales","author":"Admin","date":"22 octobre 2013","format":false,"excerpt":"Qui a dit qu'en France, nous n'avions pas de p\u00e9trole ? oui mais nous avons des id\u00e9es... Une ligne de production de l'usine fabriquera du carburant essentiellement avec des graisses d'animaux morts et de d\u00e9chets d'abattoir impropres \u00e0 la consommation... Le num\u00e9ro un europ\u00e9en de la production de biodiesel, le\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Solutions&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Solutions","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/sujets\/solutions\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/graisses-animales-voiture.jpg?fit=420%2C281&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":14033,"url":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/pour-monsanto-le-changement-climatique-va-rapporter-gros\/","url_meta":{"origin":4450,"position":3},"title":"Pour Monsanto, le changement climatique va rapporter gros","author":"Admin","date":"27 novembre 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"Quand le r\u00e9chauffement climatique peut rapporter gros ! L'agriculture menac\u00e9e par le changement climatique ? Qu'importe. Monsanto transforme l'obstacle en opportunit\u00e9. Service m\u00e9t\u00e9o, assurance-s\u00e9cheresse et semences r\u00e9sistantes pour les agriculteurs, la firme se d\u00e9ploie tous azimuts. Pas de doute, l\u2019agriculture sera durement affect\u00e9e par le changement climatique. Le tout dernier\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Pollution&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Pollution","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/sujets\/pollution\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/mais-mosento.jpg?fit=440%2C294&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":25949,"url":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/la-terre-vue-de-lespace-un-tourbillon-dalgues-se-developpe-au-coeur-dune-vaste-zone-morte-de-la-baltique\/","url_meta":{"origin":4450,"position":4},"title":"La Terre vue de l&rsquo;espace : Un tourbillon d&rsquo;algues se d\u00e9veloppe au c\u0153ur d&rsquo;une vaste \u00ab zone morte \u00bb de la Baltique","author":"Admin","date":"2 juin 2024","format":false,"excerpt":"L'ann\u00e9e 2018 a \u00e9t\u00e9 marqu\u00e9e par l'apparition d'une \u00e9tonnante spirale de cyanobact\u00e9ries dans la mer Baltique. La masse tourbillonnante de microbes a contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 cr\u00e9er une \u00ab zone morte \u00bb massive de la taille de la Virginie-Occidentale qui a r\u00e9duit l'oxyg\u00e8ne de l'eau avoisinante. 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On connaissait d\u00e9j\u00e0 les carburants \u00e9cologiques produits gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la betterave, aux d\u00e9chets ou m\u00eame aux excr\u00e9ments. D\u00e9sormais, les voitures vont pouvoir rouler gr\u00e2ce aux volcans! En Islande, l'entreprise Carbon Recycling International a captur\u00e9 les\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Solutions&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Solutions","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/sujets\/solutions\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"katla et Hekla","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/06\/volcans_islande.jpg?fit=536%2C417&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/06\/volcans_islande.jpg?fit=536%2C417&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/06\/volcans_islande.jpg?fit=536%2C417&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4450","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4450"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4450\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4452,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4450\/revisions\/4452"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4451"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4450"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4450"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4450"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}