{"id":3959,"date":"2007-04-24T21:50:49","date_gmt":"2007-04-24T19:50:49","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil1\/?p=3959"},"modified":"2025-01-28T17:30:35","modified_gmt":"2025-01-28T16:30:35","slug":"quand-laviation-fonctionnera-a-lhydrogene","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/quand-laviation-fonctionnera-a-lhydrogene\/","title":{"rendered":"Quand l&rsquo;aviation fonctionnera \u00e0 l&rsquo;Hydrog\u00e8ne"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"1665f18d14f35dd9e7566e1a8ac9a3e9\" data-index=\"1\" style=\"float: none; margin:10px 0 10px 0; text-align:center;\">\n<script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\"\r\n     data-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-2860849627502538\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"3019501113\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: small;\">Les moteurs d&rsquo;avion \u00e9mettent principalement les composants polluants suivants : oxydes d&rsquo;azote (NOx), monoxyde de carbone (CO), hydrocarbures (HC)(ou compos\u00e9s organiques volatiles : COV), dioxyde de soufre (SO2) et particules solides ( SUIES). Ils \u00e9mettent aussi du dioxyde de carbone (CO2) et de la vapeur d&rsquo;eau.<br \/>\nCe sont les \u00e9missions de NOx qui dominent relativement \u00e0 r\u00e9gime \u00e9lev\u00e9, donc au d\u00e9collage et en mont\u00e9e. Environ 75 % des \u00e9missions se produisent \u00e0 la vitesse de croisi\u00e8re dans la troposph\u00e8re et la basse stratosph\u00e8re (10-12 km). Au r\u00e9gime de ralenti et au roulage au sol, il se d\u00e9gage peu de NOx mais relativement beaucoup de CO et de HC. Au d\u00e9collage et en mont\u00e9e les \u00e9missions de NOx et de particules (SUIES) sont \u00e9lev\u00e9es, celles de CO et de HC relativement faibles.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\">Et si il y avait une solution : l&rsquo;Hydrog\u00e8ne&#8230;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">AeroVironment Inc., une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e en Californie, avait annonc\u00e9 en 2005 avoir r\u00e9ussi le vol d&rsquo;essai d&rsquo;un avion m\u00fb par l&rsquo;hydrog\u00e8ne liquide. L&rsquo;hydrog\u00e8ne liquide stock\u00e9 \u00e0 bord et l&rsquo;oxyg\u00e8ne extrait de l&rsquo;air environnant sont combin\u00e9s afin de produire l&rsquo;\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 n\u00e9cessaire aux huit propulseurs de l&rsquo;avion.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">L&rsquo;avion, appel\u00e9 Global Observer, ressemble \u00e0 un planeur, mais la majeure partie de la technologie employ\u00e9e est maintenue secr\u00e8te. \u00ab\u00a0Nous transportons l&rsquo;hydrog\u00e8ne liquide \u00e0 bord \u00e0 de tr\u00e8s basses temp\u00e9ratures\u00a0\u00bb, indique Alex Hill, le directeur des op\u00e9rations d&rsquo;AeroVironment \u00e0 Washington. \u00ab\u00a0Aussi l&rsquo;isolation du r\u00e9servoir est-elle cruciale\u00a0\u00bb.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">AeroVironment pense que ce type d&rsquo;avion pourrait \u00eatre utilis\u00e9 comme plateforme de t\u00e9l\u00e9communications, se substituant ou compl\u00e9tant les satellites. L&rsquo;avion \u00e0 hydrog\u00e8ne pourrait contribuer \u00e0 r\u00e9duire les quantit\u00e9s de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s par l&rsquo;aviation d&rsquo;aujourd&rsquo;hui.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Le Global Observer est un avion ou V\u00e9hicule A\u00e9rien sans Equipage (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle), imagin\u00e9 par le c\u00e9l\u00e8bre inventeur Paul MacCready et con\u00e7u par l&rsquo;entreprise AeroVironment ; il a la particularit\u00e9 d&rsquo;\u00eatre autonome, mais aussi de fonctionner \u00e0 l&rsquo;hydrog\u00e8ne liquide.<\/span><\/p><div class=\"1665f18d14f35dd9e7566e1a8ac9a3e9\" data-index=\"2\" style=\"float: none; margin:10px 0 10px 0; text-align:center;\">\n<script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\"\r\n     data-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-2860849627502538\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"3019501113\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/laterredufutur.com\/spaw\/images\/globalobserver1.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><br \/>\n<em>Global Observer<\/em> <em>(15,24 m\u00e8tres d&rsquo;envergure)<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Les utilisations :<br \/>\n&#8211; La d\u00e9fense au niveau national et international.<br \/>\n&#8211; Les r\u00e9seaux de communication.<br \/>\n&#8211; Cartographie (pour GPS&#8230;).<br \/>\n&#8211; Rep\u00e9rer d&rsquo;\u00e9ventuelles catastrophes naturelles (temp\u00eates, cyclones&#8230;).<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/laterredufutur.com\/spaw\/images\/globalobserver2.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><br \/>\n<em>Global Observer en essai.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Sch\u00e9mas explicatifs :<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/laterredufutur.com\/spaw\/images\/globalobserver3.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><br \/>\n<em>Utilisation de deux Global Observer en rotation entre eux. Ainsi, la vision d&rsquo;un relais de communication ininterrompue et de syst\u00e8me d&rsquo;exploration et optimale et permet de gagner en efficacit\u00e9.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/laterredufutur.com\/spaw\/images\/globalobserver4.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><br \/>\n<em>Utilisation \u00e0 des fins militaires<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Capacit\u00e9s :<br \/>\n&#8211; Il peut op\u00e9rer \u00e0 une altitude allant jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 65 000 pieds, sur une p\u00e9riode d&rsquo;une semaine.<br \/>\n&#8211; Capacit\u00e9 d&#8217;emport : 453 kg<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Tout ceci ressemble fortement \u00e0 une nouvelle g\u00e9n\u00e9ration d&rsquo;avions qui pourront voir le jour d&rsquo;ici quelques ann\u00e9es. La r\u00e9volution technologique actuelle pointant vers des technologiques toujours plus propres, l&rsquo;aviation du K\u00e9ros\u00e8ne devra forc\u00e9ment \u00eatre remplac\u00e9e dans notre futur.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">sources : <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.vieartificielle.com\/\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">http:\/\/www.vieartificielle.com\/<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size: small;\">\u00a0\/ <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.techno-science.net\/\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">http:\/\/www.techno-science.net\/<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\/ <a href=\"http:\/\/ufcna.com\/\">http:\/\/ufcna.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"bawpvc-ajax-counter\" data-id=\"3959\">(332)<\/p>\n<!--CusAds0-->\n<div style=\"font-size: 0px; height: 0px; line-height: 0px; margin: 0; padding: 0; clear: both;\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Les moteurs d&rsquo;avion \u00e9mettent principalement les composants polluants suivants : oxydes d&rsquo;azote (NOx), monoxyde de carbone (CO), hydrocarbures (HC)(ou compos\u00e9s&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3960,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[26,8194],"tags":[89,101,2136,2106,100],"class_list":["post-3959","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-solutions","category-technologie","tag-avion","tag-energie","tag-hydrogene","tag-propre","tag-solution","wpcat-26-id","wpcat-8194-id"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/avion.jpg?fit=350%2C263&ssl=1","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p631RN-11R","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":3938,"url":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/les-pluies-acides-2\/","url_meta":{"origin":3959,"position":0},"title":"Les pluies acides","author":"Admin","date":"10 avril 2007","format":false,"excerpt":"On appelle \u00ab pluies acides \u00bb les retomb\u00e9es s\u00e8ches ou humides de substances acides et de leurs pr\u00e9curseurs sur la surface de la Terre. Les retomb\u00e9es humides sont la pluie, la neige, la gr\u00eale, la bruine et les autres formes de pr\u00e9cipitation visibles. Les retomb\u00e9es s\u00e8ches, invisibles pour la plupart,\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Pollution&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Pollution","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/sujets\/pollution\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/pluieacide.jpg?fit=350%2C263&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":25940,"url":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/un-beton-zero-carbone\/","url_meta":{"origin":3959,"position":1},"title":"Un b\u00e9ton \u00ab\u00a0z\u00e9ro carbone\u00a0\u00bb","author":"Admin","date":"31 mai 2024","format":false,"excerpt":"Des chercheurs et ing\u00e9nieurs en environnement ont d\u00e9couvert que l\u2019utilisation de l\u2019olivine dans le ciment pourrait permettre de produire un b\u00e9ton \u00e0 bilan carbone n\u00e9gatif. Une \u00e9quipe de scientifiques des mat\u00e9riaux et d\u2019ing\u00e9nieurs en environnement a d\u00e9couvert que l\u2019utilisation de l\u2019olivine dans le ciment pourrait permettre de produire un b\u00e9ton\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Solutions&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Solutions","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/sujets\/solutions\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Olivine.jpg?fit=612%2C408&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Olivine.jpg?fit=612%2C408&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Olivine.jpg?fit=612%2C408&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":1490,"url":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/des-trottoirs-qui-nettoie-lair-de-la-pollution\/","url_meta":{"origin":3959,"position":2},"title":"Des trottoirs qui nettoient l&rsquo;air de la pollution","author":"Admin","date":"1 septembre 2013","format":false,"excerpt":"Des scientifiques n\u00e9erlandais ont trouv\u00e9 une mani\u00e8re de r\u00e9duire de moiti\u00e9 la pollution dans les rues des grandes villes: installer des trottoirs qui nettoient l\u2019air. Les chercheurs de l\u2019universit\u00e9 technologique d\u2019Eindhoven ont \u00e9quip\u00e9 un p\u00e2t\u00e9 de maison de la ville d\u2019Hengelo avec des pav\u00e9s asperg\u00e9s d\u2019oxyde de titane, un compos\u00e9\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Solutions&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Solutions","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/sujets\/solutions\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":1765,"url":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/quand-les-volcans-font-rouler-les-voitures\/","url_meta":{"origin":3959,"position":3},"title":"Quand les volcans font rouler les voitures","author":"Admin","date":"12 janvier 2014","format":false,"excerpt":"En Islande, un carburant \u00e9cologique est produit \u00e0 partir de l'\u00e9nergie d\u00e9gag\u00e9e par les volcans. On connaissait d\u00e9j\u00e0 les carburants \u00e9cologiques produits gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la betterave, aux d\u00e9chets ou m\u00eame aux excr\u00e9ments. D\u00e9sormais, les voitures vont pouvoir rouler gr\u00e2ce aux volcans! En Islande, l'entreprise Carbon Recycling International a captur\u00e9 les\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Solutions&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Solutions","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/sujets\/solutions\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"katla et Hekla","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/06\/volcans_islande.jpg?fit=536%2C417&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/06\/volcans_islande.jpg?fit=536%2C417&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/06\/volcans_islande.jpg?fit=536%2C417&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":4795,"url":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/le-ciment-qui-absorbe-la-pollution\/","url_meta":{"origin":3959,"position":4},"title":"Le ciment qui absorbe la pollution","author":"Admin","date":"9 mars 2009","format":false,"excerpt":"Fruit de dix ans de recherche, le ciment d\u00e9polluant Calcia a \u00e9t\u00e9 lanc\u00e9 en 2006 sur le march\u00e9 fran\u00e7ais. Ce ciment absorbe les principaux polluants issus de la circulation automobile et du chauffage domestique. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l'\u00e9nergie lumineuse, le photocatalyseur contenu dans le ciment acc\u00e9l\u00e8re la r\u00e9action chimique qui d\u00e9compose\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Pollution&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Pollution","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/sujets\/pollution\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":3495,"url":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/pile-a-combustible-elle-arrive\/","url_meta":{"origin":3959,"position":5},"title":"Pile \u00e0 combustible : elle arrive !","author":"Admin","date":"29 mai 2006","format":false,"excerpt":"Forte de ses promesses, cette technologie fait in\u00e9luctablement son chemin dans le march\u00e9. Apr\u00e8s avoir d\u00e9marr\u00e9 dans les applications stationnaires, elle pointe le nez dans les portables. Et se positionne dans l'avenir comme une alternative s\u00e9duisante au p\u00e9trole dans les transports... Plus que jamais, le march\u00e9 des piles \u00e0 combustibles\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Solutions&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Solutions","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/sujets\/solutions\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3959","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3959"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3959\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":26621,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3959\/revisions\/26621"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3960"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3959"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3959"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3959"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}