{"id":3312,"date":"2006-02-06T15:10:19","date_gmt":"2006-02-06T13:10:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil1\/?p=3312"},"modified":"2015-04-10T15:13:23","modified_gmt":"2015-04-10T13:13:23","slug":"pollution-observee-par-satellite","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/pollution-observee-par-satellite\/","title":{"rendered":"Pollution Observ\u00e9e par Satellite"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"1665f18d14f35dd9e7566e1a8ac9a3e9\" data-index=\"1\" style=\"float: none; margin:10px 0 10px 0; text-align:center;\">\n<script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\"\r\n     data-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-2860849627502538\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"3019501113\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p align=\"justify\"><strong>Le 1<sup><span style=\"color: #003366; font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\">er<\/span><\/sup> mars 2002, une fus\u00e9e\u00a0Ariane 5 d\u00e9collait du centre spatial de\u00a0Kourou en Guin\u00e9e fran\u00e7aise (c\u00f4te nord de l&rsquo;Am\u00e9rique du Sud). Elle\u00a0emportait un satellite de 8 tonnes: ENVISAT. Un petit instrument \u00e0 l&rsquo;int\u00e9rieur de ce colosse: SCIAMACHY (<em><span style=\"color: #ff6300;\">SC<\/span>anning <span style=\"color: #ff6300;\">I<\/span>maging <span style=\"color: #ff6300;\">A<\/span>bsorption spectro<span style=\"color: #ff6300;\">M<\/span>eter for <span style=\"color: #ff6300;\">A<\/span>tmospheric <span style=\"color: #ff6300;\">CH<\/span>artograph<span style=\"color: #ff3100;\">Y)<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">Les traces de l&rsquo;activit\u00e9 industrielle de l&rsquo;homme ne sont que trop visibles dans notre atmosph\u00e8re. Trois instruments \u00e0 bord d&rsquo;ENVISAT s&rsquo;unissent pour r\u00e9pertorier ces traces sur une \u00e9chelle globale : MIPAS, GOMOS et SCIAMACHY. Ensemble ces capteurs peuvent d\u00e9tecter l&rsquo;oxyde d&rsquo;azote d\u00fb aux combustibles fossiles, le monoxyde de soufre \u00e9mis par des industries polluantes qui contribue aux pluies acides, le monoxyde de brome et CFC qui endommagent la couche d&rsquo;ozone et enfin les fines particules issues des chemin\u00e9es et les a\u00e9rosols qui forment dans la haute stratosph\u00e8re une couche susceptible d&rsquo;alt\u00e9rer le climat. Gr\u00e2ce aux cartes \u00e9tablies par ENVISAT les chercheurs pourront identifier les sources et l&rsquo;\u00e9tendue de la pollution et contr\u00f4ler l&rsquo;application des normes et des protocoles environnementaux&#8230;<\/p>\n<p class=\"spip\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Pour la premiere fois dans l\u2019histoire de la mesure par satellite, des scientifiques ont reussi a mesurer ,avec une grande precision, la repartition globale de methane dans les couches atmospheriques proches du sol. Des scientifiques de l\u2019institut de physique de l\u2019environnement de l\u2019universite de Heidelberg, en collaboration avec l\u2019institut meteorologique royal des Pays-Bas, ont publie ces resultats dans la revue \u00ab\u00a0Science\u00a0\u00bb du 17 mars 2005. Pour ce faire, ils ont utilise les donnees transmises par le spectrophotometre SCIAMACHY (SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric ChartographY) embarque a bord du satellite europeen ENVISAT. Ce satellite avait ete lance a bord du lanceur Ariane en mars 2002. Ils ont pu comparer les observations satellite avec les simulations effectuees entre aout et novembre 2003.<\/span><\/p><div class=\"1665f18d14f35dd9e7566e1a8ac9a3e9\" data-index=\"2\" style=\"float: none; margin:10px 0 10px 0; text-align:center;\">\n<script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\"\r\n     data-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-2860849627502538\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"3019501113\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n\n<p class=\"spip\" align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/spaw\/images\/pollution_global_L.jpeg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"spip\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Il apparait que les estimations calculees sont, dans la plupart des cas, tres proches des observations. Par exemple, il existe un tres fort taux d\u2019emission de methane dans la vallee du Gange en Inde et dans certaines regions de Chine du aux cultures du riz et a l\u2019elevage de betail. Cependant, les mesures realisees par SCIAMACHY montrent aussi des differences substantielles dans d\u2019autres regions tropicales ou les emissions de methane sont plus importantes que les estimations. Les causes exactes de cet ecart restent encore meconnues. D\u2019apres les chercheurs plusieurs sources potentielles de methane sont envisageables\u00a0: les zones humides, la combustion de la biomasse, les termites, les ruminants ou bien d\u2019autres sources encore inconnues aujourd\u2019hui. Le methane est en quantite, apres le dioxyde de carbone, le deuxieme gaz a effet de serre anthropogene. La variation annuelle du taux global de methane ainsi que les sources naturelles de methane restent encore, a ce jour, mal determinees.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"spip\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">sources : <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/asso.objectif-sciences.com\/\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">http:\/\/asso.objectif-sciences.com\/<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\/ <a href=\"http:\/\/www.esa.int\/esaEO\/SEM340NKPZD_index_1.html\">http:\/\/www.esa.int\/esaEO\/SEM340NKPZD_index_1.html<\/a>\u00a0\/ <a href=\"http:\/\/www.atmosphere.mpg.de\/\">http:\/\/www.atmosphere.mpg.de\/<\/a>\u00a0\/ <a href=\"http:\/\/www.futura-sciences.com\/comprendre\/d\/dossier41-3.php\">http:\/\/www.futura-sciences.com\/comprendre\/d\/dossier41-3.php<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"bawpvc-ajax-counter\" data-id=\"3312\">(200)<\/p>\n<!--CusAds0-->\n<div style=\"font-size: 0px; height: 0px; line-height: 0px; margin: 0; padding: 0; clear: both;\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le 1er mars 2002, une fus\u00e9e\u00a0Ariane 5 d\u00e9collait du centre spatial de\u00a0Kourou en Guin\u00e9e fran\u00e7aise (c\u00f4te nord de l&rsquo;Am\u00e9rique du&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3313,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[28],"tags":[54,2816,2579,532,185,43,208,555],"class_list":["post-3312","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-pollution","tag-carte","tag-envisat","tag-methane","tag-mondiale","tag-observations","tag-pollution","tag-satellite","tag-science","wpcat-28-id"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/pollution-monde.jpeg?fit=400%2C218&ssl=1","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p631RN-Rq","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":3993,"url":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/locean-indien-balaye-par-une-houle-hors-norme\/","url_meta":{"origin":3312,"position":0},"title":"L&rsquo;Oc\u00e9an Indien balay\u00e9 par une houle hors norme","author":"Admin","date":"22 mai 2007","format":false,"excerpt":"L\u2019origine et le d\u00e9placement des vagues de pr\u00e8s de 11 m de haut qui ont d\u00e9vast\u00e9 l\u2019\u00eele fran\u00e7aise de la R\u00e9union, dans l\u2019Oc\u00e9an Indien, dans la soir\u00e9e de samedi 12 mai 2007, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9tect\u00e9s par le satellite Envisat de l\u2019ESA. Les vagues, qui ont durement frapp\u00e9 le port de\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;M\u00e9t\u00e9orologie&quot;","block_context":{"text":"M\u00e9t\u00e9orologie","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/sujets\/meteorologie\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/reunion.gif?fit=640%2C480&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/reunion.gif?fit=640%2C480&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/reunion.gif?fit=640%2C480&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":3073,"url":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/le-lancement-de-cryosat\/","url_meta":{"origin":3312,"position":1},"title":"Le lancement de Cryosat","author":"Admin","date":"5 octobre 2005","format":false,"excerpt":"Tout comme l\u2019oc\u00e9an, les glaciers et la banquise doivent \u00eatre surveill\u00e9s car ils jouent un r\u00f4le d\u00e9terminant dans les processus climatiques. Le satellite europ\u00e9en Cryosat sera lanc\u00e9 le 8 octobre prochain pour observer la cryosph\u00e8re. Il doit \u00e9tudier les variations des glaces polaires. Le CNES participe \u00e0 cette mission de\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Climat&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Climat","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/sujets\/climat\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/spaw\/images\/banquise2.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":3127,"url":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/liceberg-b15-se-brise\/","url_meta":{"origin":3312,"position":2},"title":"L&rsquo;iceberg B15 se brise","author":"Admin","date":"12 novembre 2005","format":false,"excerpt":"Le plus grand iceberg du monde\u00a0 B15 A s'est bris\u00e9 il mesurait encore 115 kilom\u00e8tres de long pour une surface de 2500 km\u00b2 il y a tout juste deux semaines, vient de se briser au cap Adare, en Antarctique. C\u2019est le radar ASAR (Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar) du satellite Envisat\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;M\u00e9t\u00e9orologie&quot;","block_context":{"text":"M\u00e9t\u00e9orologie","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/sujets\/meteorologie\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/iceberg_break_trio.jpeg?fit=388%2C374&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":3177,"url":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/le-trou-dozone-refait-parler-de-lui\/","url_meta":{"origin":3312,"position":3},"title":"Le Trou d&rsquo;ozone refait parler de lui","author":"Admin","date":"14 d\u00e9cembre 2005","format":false,"excerpt":"Cette ann\u00e9e encore, l'Agence spatiale europ\u00e9enne (ESA) suit de pr\u00e8s la croissance du trou de la couche d'ozone au-dessus de l'Antarctique. Le trou mesur\u00e9 en 2005 est important pour ce moment de l'ann\u00e9e; si l'on se base sur les r\u00e9sultats de la derni\u00e8re d\u00e9cennie, seuls les trous r\u00e9pertori\u00e9s en 1996\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Pollution&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Pollution","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/sujets\/pollution\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/ozone-carte-du-monde.jpeg?fit=1151%2C400&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/ozone-carte-du-monde.jpeg?fit=1151%2C400&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/ozone-carte-du-monde.jpeg?fit=1151%2C400&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/ozone-carte-du-monde.jpeg?fit=1151%2C400&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/ozone-carte-du-monde.jpeg?fit=1151%2C400&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":1608,"url":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/limmense-nuage-de-pollution-chinois-observe-depuis-lespace\/","url_meta":{"origin":3312,"position":4},"title":"L&rsquo;immense nuage de pollution chinois observ\u00e9 depuis l&rsquo;espace, Global Shit","author":"Admin","date":"3 novembre 2013","format":false,"excerpt":"Pour rendre compte de l\u2019ampleur du nuage de pollution en Chine, la NASA a r\u00e9cemment publi\u00e9 une image captur\u00e9e par son satellite m\u00e9t\u00e9orologique Suomi NPP. Le 20 octobre 2013, la ville d\u2019Harbin situ\u00e9e dans le nord de la Chine, s\u2019est litt\u00e9ralement retrouv\u00e9e envelopp\u00e9e d\u2019un gigantesque nuage de pollution. Pour rendre\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Pollution&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Pollution","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/sujets\/pollution\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":5441,"url":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/le-micro-satellite-francais-picard\/","url_meta":{"origin":3312,"position":5},"title":"Le micro-satellite fran\u00e7ais PICARD","author":"Admin","date":"30 juin 2010","format":false,"excerpt":"PICARD : une mission originale d\u00e9di\u00e9e au Soleil et \u00e0 son influence sur le climat de la Terre. Le micro-satellite fran\u00e7ais PICARD, financ\u00e9 par le CNES, a \u00e9t\u00e9 lanc\u00e9 mardi 15 juin \u00e0 16h42, heure de Paris, par une fus\u00e9e Dniepr depuis la base de Yasny en Russie. Dans le\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Espace&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Espace","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/sujets\/espace\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3312","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3312"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3312\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3314,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3312\/revisions\/3314"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3313"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3312"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3312"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3312"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}