{"id":2956,"date":"2005-06-27T15:36:52","date_gmt":"2005-06-27T13:36:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil1\/?p=2956"},"modified":"2026-07-04T20:34:23","modified_gmt":"2026-07-04T18:34:23","slug":"une-atmosphere-malade-vers-une-super-tempete","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/une-atmosphere-malade-vers-une-super-tempete\/","title":{"rendered":"Une atmosph\u00e8re en mutation : les changements dans les hautes couches pourraient-ils amplifier les ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes m\u00e9t\u00e9orologiques ?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"1665f18d14f35dd9e7566e1a8ac9a3e9\" data-index=\"1\" style=\"float: none; margin:10px 0 10px 0; text-align:center;\">\n<script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\"\r\n     data-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-2860849627502538\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"3019501113\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"qMYqUG_convSearchResultHighlightRoot\">\n<div class=\"\" data-turn-id-container=\"request-WEB:0fe6b638-cc49-4005-a53a-a216ee977bbe-19\" data-is-intersecting=\"true\">\n<section class=\"text-token-text-primary w-full focus:outline-none has-data-writing-block:pointer-events-none [&amp;:has([data-writing-block])&gt;*]:pointer-events-auto R6Vx5W_threadScrollVars scroll-mb-[calc(var(--scroll-root-safe-area-inset-bottom,0px)+var(--thread-response-height))] scroll-mt-[calc(var(--header-height)+min(200px,max(70px,20svh)))]\" dir=\"auto\" data-turn-id=\"request-WEB:0fe6b638-cc49-4005-a53a-a216ee977bbe-19\" data-turn-id-container=\"request-WEB:0fe6b638-cc49-4005-a53a-a216ee977bbe-19\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-38\" data-turn=\"assistant\">\n<div class=\"text-base my-auto mx-auto pb-10 [--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-xs,calc(var(--spacing)*4))] @w-sm\/main:[--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-sm,calc(var(--spacing)*6))] @w-lg\/main:[--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-lg,calc(var(--spacing)*16))] px-(--thread-content-margin)\">\n<div class=\"[--thread-content-max-width:40rem] @w-lg\/main:[--thread-content-max-width:48rem] mx-auto max-w-(--thread-content-max-width) flex-1 group\/turn-messages focus-visible:outline-hidden relative flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col agent-turn\" data-conversation-screenshot-content=\"\">\n<div class=\"flex max-w-full flex-col gap-4 grow\">\n<div class=\"min-h-8 text-message relative flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 text-start break-words whitespace-normal outline-none keyboard-focused:focus-ring [.text-message+&amp;]:mt-1\" dir=\"auto\" tabindex=\"0\" data-message-author-role=\"assistant\" data-message-id=\"b422fd2a-310f-4fd4-bc90-a9c9b2c39e60\" data-message-model-slug=\"gpt-5-5\" data-turn-start-message=\"true\">\n<div class=\"flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden\">\n<div class=\"markdown prose dark:prose-invert wrap-break-word w-full light markdown-new-styling\">\n<p class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\" data-start=\"134\" data-end=\"412\">Depuis plusieurs d\u00e9cennies, les scientifiques observent une \u00e9volution surprenante de notre atmosph\u00e8re. Alors que la basse atmosph\u00e8re se r\u00e9chauffe sous l&rsquo;effet de l&rsquo;augmentation des gaz \u00e0 effet de serre, les couches sup\u00e9rieures connaissent au contraire un refroidissement marqu\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"414\" data-end=\"668\">Cette \u00e9volution, longtemps sous-estim\u00e9e, soul\u00e8ve aujourd&rsquo;hui de nombreuses questions. Les modifications de l&rsquo;\u00e9quilibre thermique de l&rsquo;atmosph\u00e8re pourraient-elles influencer les temp\u00eates, les orages, les courants-jets et, plus g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement, notre climat ?<\/p>\n<h2 data-section-id=\"sc9mta\" data-start=\"670\" data-end=\"717\">Une atmosph\u00e8re compos\u00e9e de plusieurs couches<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"719\" data-end=\"843\">L&rsquo;atmosph\u00e8re terrestre n&rsquo;est pas un bloc homog\u00e8ne. Elle est constitu\u00e9e de plusieurs couches qui interagissent en permanence.<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"845\" data-end=\"1371\">\n<li data-section-id=\"7ijmct\" data-start=\"845\" data-end=\"990\"><strong data-start=\"847\" data-end=\"865\">La troposph\u00e8re<\/strong> (0 \u00e0 10-15 km) est la couche o\u00f9 se d\u00e9roulent tous les ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes m\u00e9t\u00e9orologiques : nuages, pluie, neige, temp\u00eates ou orages.<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"19jfifi\" data-start=\"992\" data-end=\"1132\"><strong data-start=\"994\" data-end=\"1013\">La stratosph\u00e8re<\/strong> (15 \u00e0 50 km) contient la c\u00e9l\u00e8bre couche d&rsquo;ozone qui absorbe une grande partie des rayonnements ultraviolets du Soleil.<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1m59fu8\" data-start=\"1134\" data-end=\"1254\"><strong data-start=\"1136\" data-end=\"1153\">La m\u00e9sosph\u00e8re<\/strong> (50 \u00e0 85 km) est une r\u00e9gion froide o\u00f9 la plupart des m\u00e9t\u00e9ores se consument avant d&rsquo;atteindre le sol.<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"hm2osy\" data-start=\"1256\" data-end=\"1371\">Au-dessus se trouvent la thermosph\u00e8re puis l&rsquo;exosph\u00e8re, qui marquent progressivement la transition vers l&rsquo;espace.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"1373\" data-end=\"1513\">Longtemps \u00e9tudi\u00e9es s\u00e9par\u00e9ment, ces diff\u00e9rentes couches sont aujourd&rsquo;hui consid\u00e9r\u00e9es comme un syst\u00e8me unique o\u00f9 chacune influence les autres.<\/p>\n<h2 data-section-id=\"1stg3hb\" data-start=\"1515\" data-end=\"1570\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" style=\"font-size: 16px;\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/spaw\/images\/Composition_Atmos.gif?resize=572%2C545\" alt=\"\" width=\"572\" height=\"545\"\/><\/h2>\n<h2 data-section-id=\"1stg3hb\" data-start=\"1515\" data-end=\"1570\">Pourquoi les hautes couches se refroidissent-elles ?<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"1572\" data-end=\"1600\">Cela peut sembler paradoxal.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1602\" data-end=\"1740\">Alors que la plan\u00e8te se r\u00e9chauffe globalement, la stratosph\u00e8re et la m\u00e9sosph\u00e8re enregistrent une baisse progressive de leurs temp\u00e9ratures.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1742\" data-end=\"1804\">Cette \u00e9volution s&rsquo;explique principalement par deux ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1806\" data-end=\"1982\">Le premier est l&rsquo;augmentation du dioxyde de carbone (CO\u2082). Dans la troposph\u00e8re, il retient une partie du rayonnement infrarouge, ce qui provoque le r\u00e9chauffement de la surface.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1984\" data-end=\"2157\">Mais dans la stratosph\u00e8re et la m\u00e9sosph\u00e8re, le CO\u2082 agit diff\u00e9remment : il facilite l&rsquo;\u00e9vacuation de cette chaleur vers l&rsquo;espace, entra\u00eenant un refroidissement de ces couches.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2159\" data-end=\"2396\">Le second facteur est la diminution progressive de l&rsquo;ozone stratosph\u00e9rique observ\u00e9e au cours des derni\u00e8res d\u00e9cennies, m\u00eame si la couche d&rsquo;ozone montre aujourd&rsquo;hui des signes encourageants de reconstitution gr\u00e2ce au Protocole de Montr\u00e9al.<\/p>\n<h2 data-section-id=\"1l186m5\" data-start=\"2398\" data-end=\"2458\">Des \u00e9changes permanents entre les couches de l&rsquo;atmosph\u00e8re<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"2460\" data-end=\"2572\">Contrairement \u00e0 ce que l&rsquo;on pourrait imaginer, les diff\u00e9rentes couches atmosph\u00e9riques ne sont pas ind\u00e9pendantes.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2574\" data-end=\"2752\">Des ondes atmosph\u00e9riques, g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9es notamment par les reliefs, les temp\u00eates ou les grands syst\u00e8mes convectifs, montent r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement depuis la troposph\u00e8re jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 la stratosph\u00e8re.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2754\" data-end=\"2916\">\u00c0 l&rsquo;inverse, certaines perturbations n\u00e9es dans la stratosph\u00e8re peuvent redescendre vers les basses couches et modifier durablement les conditions m\u00e9t\u00e9orologiques.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2918\" data-end=\"2994\">Les chercheurs parlent aujourd&rsquo;hui de <strong data-start=\"2956\" data-end=\"2993\">couplage troposph\u00e8re-stratosph\u00e8re<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2996\" data-end=\"3083\">Ces interactions jouent un r\u00f4le essentiel dans la circulation g\u00e9n\u00e9rale de l&rsquo;atmosph\u00e8re.<\/p>\n<h2 data-section-id=\"uzwsu6\" data-start=\"3085\" data-end=\"3113\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" style=\"font-size: 16px;\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/spaw\/images\/atmosphere.gif?resize=513%2C755\" alt=\"\" width=\"513\" height=\"755\"\/><\/h2>\n<h2 data-section-id=\"uzwsu6\" data-start=\"3085\" data-end=\"3113\">Une tropopause qui \u00e9volue<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"3115\" data-end=\"3198\">La fronti\u00e8re s\u00e9parant la troposph\u00e8re de la stratosph\u00e8re est appel\u00e9e <strong data-start=\"3183\" data-end=\"3197\">tropopause<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"3200\" data-end=\"3285\">Les observations montrent qu&rsquo;elle s&rsquo;\u00e9l\u00e8ve progressivement depuis plusieurs d\u00e9cennies.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"3287\" data-end=\"3410\">Cette \u00e9volution est attribu\u00e9e \u00e0 la combinaison du r\u00e9chauffement de la troposph\u00e8re et du refroidissement de la stratosph\u00e8re.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"3412\" data-end=\"3454\">Une tropopause plus \u00e9lev\u00e9e peut modifier :<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"3456\" data-end=\"3647\">\n<li data-section-id=\"1m9zvuw\" data-start=\"3456\" data-end=\"3504\">le d\u00e9veloppement vertical des nuages orageux ;<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"s4pa1c\" data-start=\"3505\" data-end=\"3554\">l&rsquo;intensit\u00e9 de certaines cellules convectives ;<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"12zi6s6\" data-start=\"3555\" data-end=\"3612\">les \u00e9changes d&rsquo;humidit\u00e9 entre les diff\u00e9rentes couches ;<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"45ptr9\" data-start=\"3613\" data-end=\"3647\">la circulation des masses d&rsquo;air.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"3649\" data-end=\"3706\">Ces ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes font encore l&rsquo;objet d&rsquo;intenses recherches.<\/p>\n<h2 data-section-id=\"13spbms\" data-start=\"3708\" data-end=\"3746\">Les courants-jets sous surveillance<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"3748\" data-end=\"3846\">Les courants-jets sont de puissants fleuves de vent circulant entre 8 et 15 kilom\u00e8tres d&rsquo;altitude.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"3848\" data-end=\"3948\">Ils dirigent une grande partie des d\u00e9pressions et influencent fortement les r\u00e9gimes m\u00e9t\u00e9orologiques.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"3950\" data-end=\"4114\">Les climatologues cherchent actuellement \u00e0 d\u00e9terminer dans quelle mesure les changements thermiques observ\u00e9s dans la stratosph\u00e8re peuvent modifier leur trajectoire.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"4116\" data-end=\"4246\">Certaines \u00e9tudes sugg\u00e8rent que des courants-jets plus ondulants pourraient favoriser des situations m\u00e9t\u00e9orologiques persistantes :<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"4248\" data-end=\"4365\">\n<li data-section-id=\"4boyth\" data-start=\"4248\" data-end=\"4269\">vagues de chaleur ;<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"15501kz\" data-start=\"4270\" data-end=\"4299\">\u00e9pisodes de fortes pluies ;<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1yqcpb0\" data-start=\"4300\" data-end=\"4328\">blocages anticycloniques ;<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1sw4r5y\" data-start=\"4329\" data-end=\"4365\">p\u00e9riodes prolong\u00e9es de s\u00e9cheresse.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"4367\" data-end=\"4457\">Cependant, les m\u00e9canismes restent complexes et plusieurs hypoth\u00e8ses sont encore d\u00e9battues.<\/p>\n<h2 data-section-id=\"1ruomfa\" data-start=\"4459\" data-end=\"4511\">Les orages pourraient-ils devenir plus violents ?<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"4513\" data-end=\"4601\">Le r\u00e9chauffement de la basse atmosph\u00e8re augmente la quantit\u00e9 de vapeur d&rsquo;eau disponible.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"4603\" data-end=\"4726\">Or, une atmosph\u00e8re plus chaude peut contenir davantage d&rsquo;humidit\u00e9, ce qui fournit davantage d&rsquo;\u00e9nergie aux syst\u00e8mes orageux.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"4728\" data-end=\"4795\">Dans certaines r\u00e9gions du monde, les scientifiques observent d\u00e9j\u00e0 :<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"4797\" data-end=\"4968\">\n<li data-section-id=\"1v5ttm8\" data-start=\"4797\" data-end=\"4825\">des pluies plus intenses ;<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"izxly2\" data-start=\"4826\" data-end=\"4875\">une augmentation des \u00e9pisodes de gr\u00eale g\u00e9ante ;<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"vxc3r\" data-start=\"4876\" data-end=\"4920\">des rafales descendantes plus puissantes ;<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"17v1zrf\" data-start=\"4921\" data-end=\"4968\">une fr\u00e9quence accrue des \u00e9v\u00e9nements extr\u00eames.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"4970\" data-end=\"5077\">Le r\u00f4le exact des modifications de la stratosph\u00e8re dans cette \u00e9volution reste toutefois difficile \u00e0 isoler.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"4970\" data-end=\"5077\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"29371\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/une-atmosphere-malade-vers-une-super-tempete\/strastosphere-et-super-tempete\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2005\/06\/strastosphere-et-super-tempete.png?fit=1536%2C1024&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1536,1024\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"strastosphere et super tempete\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2005\/06\/strastosphere-et-super-tempete.png?fit=800%2C533&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-29371 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2005\/06\/strastosphere-et-super-tempete.png?resize=1536%2C1024&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"1536\" height=\"1024\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2005\/06\/strastosphere-et-super-tempete.png?w=1536&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2005\/06\/strastosphere-et-super-tempete.png?resize=300%2C200&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2005\/06\/strastosphere-et-super-tempete.png?resize=800%2C533&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2005\/06\/strastosphere-et-super-tempete.png?resize=80%2C53&amp;ssl=1 80w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2005\/06\/strastosphere-et-super-tempete.png?resize=768%2C512&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2005\/06\/strastosphere-et-super-tempete.png?resize=1226%2C817&amp;ssl=1 1226w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2005\/06\/strastosphere-et-super-tempete.png?resize=928%2C619&amp;ssl=1 928w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2005\/06\/strastosphere-et-super-tempete.png?resize=480%2C320&amp;ssl=1 480w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2 data-section-id=\"18yd459\" data-start=\"5079\" data-end=\"5123\">Une \u00ab super-temp\u00eate \u00bb est-elle possible ?<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"5125\" data-end=\"5208\">L&rsquo;expression de \u00ab super-temp\u00eate mill\u00e9naire \u00bb revient r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement dans les m\u00e9dias.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"5210\" data-end=\"5261\">En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, il ne s&rsquo;agit pas d&rsquo;un ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne unique.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"5263\" data-end=\"5420\">Les mod\u00e8les climatiques indiquent plut\u00f4t que le changement climatique augmente la probabilit\u00e9 d&rsquo;\u00e9v\u00e9nements extr\u00eames lorsque plusieurs facteurs se combinent :<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"5422\" data-end=\"5559\">\n<li data-section-id=\"jzm4rm\" data-start=\"5422\" data-end=\"5459\">une mer exceptionnellement chaude ;<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"n18gjv\" data-start=\"5460\" data-end=\"5490\">une atmosph\u00e8re tr\u00e8s humide ;<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"f4caet\" data-start=\"5491\" data-end=\"5516\">une forte instabilit\u00e9 ;<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1j4v0ku\" data-start=\"5517\" data-end=\"5559\">une circulation atmosph\u00e9rique favorable.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"5561\" data-end=\"5651\">Ces conditions peuvent produire des temp\u00eates ou des orages d&rsquo;une intensit\u00e9 exceptionnelle.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"5653\" data-end=\"5810\">En revanche, <strong data-start=\"5666\" data-end=\"5809\">aucune \u00e9tude ne permet aujourd&rsquo;hui d&rsquo;affirmer que le refroidissement de la stratosph\u00e8re conduira directement \u00e0 une \u00ab\u00a0super-temp\u00eate\u00a0\u00bb mondiale<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h2 data-section-id=\"1sp7kpn\" data-start=\"5812\" data-end=\"5854\">Une atmosph\u00e8re plus complexe que jamais<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"5856\" data-end=\"6025\">Les progr\u00e8s r\u00e9alis\u00e9s gr\u00e2ce aux satellites, aux ballons-sondes et aux mod\u00e8les climatiques montrent que notre atmosph\u00e8re fonctionne comme un immense syst\u00e8me interconnect\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"6027\" data-end=\"6247\">Le r\u00e9chauffement de la basse atmosph\u00e8re, le refroidissement des couches sup\u00e9rieures, les modifications des courants-jets et l&rsquo;\u00e9volution des \u00e9changes entre les diff\u00e9rentes couches influencent progressivement notre climat.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"6249\" data-end=\"6466\">Si de nombreuses incertitudes subsistent encore sur certains m\u00e9canismes, une chose est d\u00e9sormais bien \u00e9tablie : <strong data-start=\"6361\" data-end=\"6465\">les changements ne concernent pas uniquement la surface de la Terre, mais l&rsquo;ensemble de l&rsquo;atmosph\u00e8re<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"6468\" data-end=\"6681\">Comprendre ces interactions constitue aujourd&rsquo;hui l&rsquo;un des grands d\u00e9fis de la climatologie moderne et permettra d&rsquo;am\u00e9liorer les pr\u00e9visions des \u00e9v\u00e9nements m\u00e9t\u00e9orologiques extr\u00eames au cours des prochaines d\u00e9cennies.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"6468\" data-end=\"6681\">Adaptation Terra Projects<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"6468\" data-end=\"6681\">Article mis \u00e0 jour en juillet 2026<\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"1aqf008\" data-start=\"6688\" data-end=\"6699\"><em>Sources<\/em><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"6701\" data-end=\"7014\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\">\n<li data-section-id=\"1m3xf2y\" data-start=\"6701\" data-end=\"6745\"><em>Organisation m\u00e9t\u00e9orologique mondiale (OMM)<\/em><\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"wp6o2q\" data-start=\"6746\" data-end=\"6772\"><em>NASA \u2013 Earth Observatory<\/em><\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"17b8k56\" data-start=\"6773\" data-end=\"6802\"><em>European Space Agency (ESA)<\/em><\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1ftcbcu\" data-start=\"6803\" data-end=\"6859\"><em>National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)<\/em><\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1ks4upm\" data-start=\"6860\" data-end=\"6936\"><em>Groupe d&rsquo;experts intergouvernemental sur l&rsquo;\u00e9volution du climat (GIEC\/IPCC)<\/em><\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"allsqw\" data-start=\"6937\" data-end=\"6958\"><em data-start=\"6939\" data-end=\"6958\">Nature Geoscience<\/em><\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"55slh7\" data-start=\"6959\" data-end=\"6981\"><em data-start=\"6961\" data-end=\"6981\">Journal of Climate<\/em><\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"lynpac\" data-start=\"6982\" data-end=\"7014\" data-is-last-node=\"\"><em data-start=\"6984\" data-end=\"7014\" data-is-last-node=\"\">Geophysical Research Letters<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"mt-3 w-full empty:hidden\">\n<div class=\"text-center\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"bawpvc-ajax-counter\" data-id=\"2956\">(840)<\/p>\n<!--CusAds0-->\n<div style=\"font-size: 0px; height: 0px; line-height: 0px; margin: 0; padding: 0; clear: both;\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Depuis plusieurs d\u00e9cennies, les scientifiques observent une \u00e9volution surprenante de notre atmosph\u00e8re. Alors que la basse atmosph\u00e8re se r\u00e9chauffe sous&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":29371,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[20],"tags":[252,53,2609,41,299,2608,2610,2611],"class_list":["post-2956","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-climat","tag-atmosphere","tag-changement-climatique","tag-chlorofluorocarbones","tag-climat","tag-stratosphere","tag-super-tempete","tag-thermique","tag-troposphere","wpcat-20-id"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2005\/06\/strastosphere-et-super-tempete.png?fit=1536%2C1024&ssl=1","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p631RN-LG","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":893,"url":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/quand-la-revue-nature-nous-confirme-linfluence-solaire\/","url_meta":{"origin":2956,"position":0},"title":"Quand la revue Nature nous confirme l&rsquo;influence solaire","author":"Admin","date":"10 mai 2012","format":false,"excerpt":"Quand la revue Nature nous confirme l'influence solaire. Voil\u00e0 un article tr\u00e8s clair de cette c\u00e9l\u00e8bre revue sur l'impact solaire. D'importants changements dans le rayonnement ultraviolet solaire peuvent affecter indirectement le climat en impliquant des changements atmosph\u00e9riques. Plus pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment, il est sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 que la variabilit\u00e9 du climat \u00e0 l'\u00e9chelle centenaire\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Climat&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Climat","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/sujets\/climat\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"nature ","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/nature-geo.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":5512,"url":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/des-specialistes-evoquent-les-retroactions-biogeochimiques\/","url_meta":{"origin":2956,"position":1},"title":"Des sp\u00e9cialistes \u00e9voquent les r\u00e9troactions biog\u00e9ochimiques","author":"Admin","date":"3 septembre 2010","format":false,"excerpt":"Image du satellite M\u00e9t\u00e9osat (ESA) obtenue en 1987 et montrant la contenance en vapeur d'eau de l'atmosph\u00e8re : au-dessus des d\u00e9serts africains, l'atmosph\u00e8re est tr\u00e8s humide (bleu clair), alors que l'eau des nuages \u00e9quatoriaux est condens\u00e9e et glac\u00e9e en altitude et n'est donc pas visible (bleu fonc\u00e9). \u00a9 CNRS Phototh\u00e8que\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Climat&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Climat","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/sujets\/climat\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/satellite-meteosat-esa.jpg?fit=750%2C708&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/satellite-meteosat-esa.jpg?fit=750%2C708&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/satellite-meteosat-esa.jpg?fit=750%2C708&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/satellite-meteosat-esa.jpg?fit=750%2C708&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":2422,"url":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/et-si-la-nasa-se-mettait-a-douter-du-changement-climatique\/","url_meta":{"origin":2956,"position":2},"title":"Et si la NASA se mettait \u00e0 douter du changement climatique ?","author":"Admin","date":"20 janvier 2015","format":false,"excerpt":"La Nasa serait-elle sur le point de changer son fusil d\u2019\u00e9paule concernant le r\u00e9chauffement climatique ? La NASA, qui est l\u2019un des principaux instigateurs de la th\u00e9orie de l\u2019effet de serre et du changement climatique, \u00e0 la suite des affirmations douteuses de James Hansen relatives \u00e0 la transposition \u00e0 la\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Climat&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Climat","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/sujets\/climat\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/.._spaw_images_atmosphere-terre.jpg?fit=374%2C355&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":1058,"url":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/les-vents-stratospheriques-peuvent-perturber-la-circulation-oceanique-et-le-climat\/","url_meta":{"origin":2956,"position":3},"title":"Les Vents stratosph\u00e9riques peuvent perturber la circulation oc\u00e9anique, et le climat","author":"Admin","date":"4 octobre 2012","format":false,"excerpt":"Voici la preuve que les changements de la circulation stratosph\u00e9rique pourrait entra\u00eener des changements oc\u00e9aniques, et donc des changements climatiques. La\u00a0Stratosph\u00e8re cible la haute mer et peut fa\u00e7onner le climat. Cela serait donc le\u00a0\u00abTalon d'Achille\u00bb de l'Atlantique Nord. SALT LAKE CITY, Le 23 septembre 2012 - Une \u00e9tude de l'Universit\u00e9\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Courants Marins&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Courants Marins","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/sujets\/circulation-oceanique\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/06\/groenland.jpg?fit=344%2C260&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":26154,"url":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/un-nouvel-el-nino-decouvert-au-sud-de-lequateur\/","url_meta":{"origin":2956,"position":4},"title":"Un \u00ab nouvel El Ni\u00f1o \u00bb d\u00e9couvert au sud de l&rsquo;\u00e9quateur","author":"Admin","date":"19 ao\u00fbt 2024","format":false,"excerpt":"Une petite zone du sud-ouest de l'oc\u00e9an Pacifique, pr\u00e8s de la Nouvelle-Z\u00e9lande et de l'Australie, peut d\u00e9clencher des changements de temp\u00e9rature qui affectent l'ensemble de l'h\u00e9misph\u00e8re sud, selon une nouvelle \u00e9tude. Le nouveau mod\u00e8le climatique, qui partage certaines caract\u00e9ristiques avec le ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne El Ni\u00f1o, a \u00e9t\u00e9 baptis\u00e9 \u00ab mod\u00e8le d'onde\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Courants Marins&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Courants Marins","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/sujets\/circulation-oceanique\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/el-nino-juin-2023.png?fit=1200%2C729&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/el-nino-juin-2023.png?fit=1200%2C729&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/el-nino-juin-2023.png?fit=1200%2C729&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/el-nino-juin-2023.png?fit=1200%2C729&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/el-nino-juin-2023.png?fit=1200%2C729&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":4171,"url":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/nous-avons-atteint-le-seuil-depuis-2005\/","url_meta":{"origin":2956,"position":5},"title":"Nous avons atteint le seuil depuis 2005","author":"Admin","date":"22 octobre 2007","format":false,"excerpt":"Le boom \u00e9conomique mondial a acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9 les \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre qui atteignent aujourd\u2019hui un seuil dangereux et qui pourraient potentiellement provoquer un changement climatique irr\u00e9versible, d\u2019apr\u00e8s l\u2019un des premiers scientifiques de l\u2019Australie. Tim Flannery, un scientifique du changement climatique reconnu dans le monde entier et qui\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Climat&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Climat","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/sujets\/climat\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2956","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2956"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2956\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":29372,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2956\/revisions\/29372"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/29371"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2956"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2956"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2956"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}