{"id":2533,"date":"2015-03-31T23:00:00","date_gmt":"2015-03-31T22:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/wordpress\/?p=2533"},"modified":"2015-04-03T10:19:54","modified_gmt":"2015-04-03T08:19:54","slug":"le-climat-aurait-une-grande-influence-sur-les-civilisations","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/le-climat-aurait-une-grande-influence-sur-les-civilisations\/","title":{"rendered":"Le climat aurait une grande influence sur les civilisations"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"1665f18d14f35dd9e7566e1a8ac9a3e9\" data-index=\"1\" style=\"float: none; margin:10px 0 10px 0; text-align:center;\">\n<script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\"\r\n     data-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-2860849627502538\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"3019501113\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Pendant des si\u00e8cles, pr\u00e9voir le temps qu\u2019il ferait le lendemain a \u00e9t\u00e9 impossible. Or, une \u00e9tude r\u00e9v\u00e8le que la chute de l\u2019empire romain, par exemple, serait en partie due \u00e0 la m\u00e9t\u00e9o, impr\u00e9visible. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Ulf B\u00fcntgen de l\u2019institut f\u00e9d\u00e9ral suisse de la recherche sur la for\u00eat, la neige et le paysage\u00a0 a dirig\u00e9 une \u00e9tude portant sur l\u2019implication des variations climatiques sur l\u2019\u00e9volution et le d\u00e9clin des civilisations \u00e0 travers les \u00e2ges.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tude de trois facteurs, lui et ses coll\u00e8gues ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 retracer les climats, les temp\u00e9ratures et les pr\u00e9cipitations des 2500 derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">C\u2019est en se basant sur 7.284 \u00e9chantillons de ch\u00eanes que l\u2019\u00e9quipe de chercheurs a pu \u00e9valuer les pr\u00e9cipitations et gr\u00e2ce \u00e0\u00a0 1.089 pignes de pin et 457 \u00e9chantillons de m\u00e9l\u00e8ze qu\u2019ils ont pu reconstituer les temp\u00e9ratures. Ils ont ainsi pu constater qu\u2019\u00e0 chaque revirement dans le climat, quand celui-ci passait du froid et sec au chaud et humide par exemple, l\u2019impact sur les civilisations \u00e9tait imm\u00e9diat. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">En effet, l\u2019agriculture s\u2019en trouvait gravement perturb\u00e9e mais cependant pas suffisamment longtemps pour que les populations aient le temps de s\u2019y adapter. Ainsi, les revirements climatiques correspondent aux bouleversements politiques et aux vagues de migrations humaines. C\u2019est dans ces conditions que l\u2019empire romain a chut\u00e9.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"2531\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/le-climat-aurait-une-grande-influence-sur-les-civilisations\/laterredufutur-com_photos_rome2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/laterredufutur.com_photos_rome2.jpg?fit=450%2C296&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"450,296\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"laterredufutur.com_photos_rome2\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/laterredufutur.com_photos_rome2.jpg?fit=450%2C296&amp;ssl=1\" class=\" size-full wp-image-2531\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/laterredufutur.com_photos_rome2.jpg?resize=450%2C296\" alt=\"\" width=\"450\" height=\"296\" border=\"0\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/laterredufutur.com_photos_rome2.jpg?w=450&amp;ssl=1 450w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/laterredufutur.com_photos_rome2.jpg?resize=300%2C197&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><br \/>\n<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">De m\u00eame, dans les p\u00e9riodes relativement stables de l\u2019\u00e9poque m\u00e9di\u00e9vale, on constate que le climat \u00e9tait, lui aussi relativement constant. Mais au moment de la peste, la p\u00e9riode \u00e9tait humide et l\u2019\u00e9pid\u00e9mie a profit\u00e9 de ces conditions pour se r\u00e9pandre. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Les exemples sont innombrables. A l\u2019heure actuelle, notre soci\u00e9t\u00e9 est moins perturb\u00e9e par les changements climatiques parce que le commerce international et les technologies modernes en att\u00e9nuent les effets comme le rapporte la revue Science.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Chaque civilisation a vu son d\u00e9veloppement bas\u00e9 sur la culture intensive de certaines c\u00e9r\u00e9ales ou tubercules. Or, ces plantes sont plus particuli\u00e8rement adapt\u00e9es au climat o\u00f9 elles ont \u00e9t\u00e9 domestiqu\u00e9es : cette contrainte du climat se retrouve dans l\u2019aire de r\u00e9partition des premi\u00e8res civilisations.<img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"2530\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/le-climat-aurait-une-grande-influence-sur-les-civilisations\/laterredufutur-com_photos_rome1\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/laterredufutur.com_photos_rome1.jpg?fit=120%2C90&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"120,90\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"laterredufutur.com_photos_rome1\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/laterredufutur.com_photos_rome1.jpg?fit=120%2C90&amp;ssl=1\" class=\" alignleft  wp-image-2530\" style=\"border: 0px; float: left;\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/laterredufutur.com_photos_rome1.jpg?resize=192%2C144\" alt=\"\" width=\"192\" height=\"144\" border=\"0\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/laterredufutur.com_photos_rome1.jpg?w=120&amp;ssl=1 120w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/laterredufutur.com_photos_rome1.jpg?resize=70%2C53&amp;ssl=1 70w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 192px) 100vw, 192px\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"line-height: 1.3em;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Passons en revue les diff\u00e9rents types de climat concern\u00e9s :<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"line-height: 1.3em;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Le bl\u00e9 a \u00e9t\u00e9 cultiv\u00e9 dans un climat m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en : les civilisations associ\u00e9es, comme l\u2019\u00c9gypte et la M\u00e9sopotamie, occupent donc des r\u00e9gions chaudes et s\u00e8ches.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Le d\u00e9veloppement de la civilisation chinoise a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 sur la culture du millet, domestiqu\u00e9 dans un climat froid et sec. Ce n\u2019est qu\u2019ult\u00e9rieurement que la Chine s\u2019appropria la culture du riz au cours de sa progression vers le sud.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"line-height: 1.3em;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">La civilisation indienne est bas\u00e9e sur la culture du riz, caract\u00e9ristique d\u2019un climat chaud et humide. Il en fut de m\u00eame de la Chine \u00e0 partir de l\u2019\u00e9poque imp\u00e9riale.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"line-height: 1.5;\">Les civilisations d&rsquo;Am\u00e9rique centrale se bas\u00e8rent sur la culture du ma\u00efs, adapt\u00e9e \u00e0 un climat plut\u00f4t chaud et humide.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"line-height: 1.3em;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Les civilisations andines fond\u00e8rent leur d\u00e9veloppement sur la culture de la pomme de terre, limit\u00e9e au climat d\u2019altitude froid et sec.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><div class=\"1665f18d14f35dd9e7566e1a8ac9a3e9\" data-index=\"2\" style=\"float: none; margin:10px 0 10px 0; text-align:center;\">\n<script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\"\r\n     data-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-2860849627502538\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"3019501113\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"line-height: 1.3em;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Une conclusion peut \u00eatre tir\u00e9e de ces constats : les premi\u00e8res civilisations occup\u00e8rent presque toutes les niches environnementales, depuis les r\u00e9gions froides et s\u00e8ches jusqu\u2019aux r\u00e9gions chaudes et humides.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"line-height: 1.3em;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">\u00c0 l\u2019inverse, des r\u00e9gions au climat apparemment similaire ont conduit \u00e0 des \u00e9volutions radicalement diff\u00e9rentes : ainsi la basse vall\u00e9e du Mississipi et celle du Rio de la Plata en Am\u00e9rique n\u2019ont pas connu l\u2019essor de la plaine du Gange en Inde, malgr\u00e9 les analogies climatiques (climat subtropical chaud et humide). De m\u00eame, les rives du fleuve Orange en Afrique du sud, et celles du fleuve Murray en Australie, n\u2019ont pas connu le m\u00eame d\u00e9veloppement que le Nil, le Tigre, l\u2019Euphrate et l\u2019Indus, bien qu\u2019ils irriguent aussi des r\u00e9gions d\u00e9sertiques. Quant \u00e0 la plaine du Danube, climatiquement comparable \u00e0 celle du Fleuve Jaune (berceau de la Chine), elle n\u2019a permis l\u2019essor d\u2019aucune civilisation antique.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"line-height: 1.3em;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"2532\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/le-climat-aurait-une-grande-influence-sur-les-civilisations\/laterredufutur-com_photos_egypte-pyramides\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/laterredufutur.com_photos_egypte-pyramides.jpg?fit=450%2C298&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"450,298\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"laterredufutur.com_photos_egypte-pyramides\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/laterredufutur.com_photos_egypte-pyramides.jpg?fit=450%2C298&amp;ssl=1\" class=\" size-full wp-image-2532\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/laterredufutur.com_photos_egypte-pyramides.jpg?resize=450%2C298\" alt=\"\" width=\"450\" height=\"298\" border=\"0\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/laterredufutur.com_photos_egypte-pyramides.jpg?w=450&amp;ssl=1 450w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/laterredufutur.com_photos_egypte-pyramides.jpg?resize=300%2C199&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><br \/>\n<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"line-height: 1.3em;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Ce premier aper\u00e7u pourrait donner \u00e0 penser qu\u2019il n\u2019y a aucun lien entre le climat et l\u2019entr\u00e9e des hommes dans l\u2019Histoire. Mais nous n\u2019avons pas voulu en rester l\u00e0\u2026<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"line-height: 1.3em;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Le stress climatique, moteur des premi\u00e8res civilisations<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">La diversit\u00e9 climatique constat\u00e9e entre les premi\u00e8res civilisations autonomes masque un d\u00e9nominateur commun bien r\u00e9el.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"line-height: 1.3em;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Pour le d\u00e9celer, nous avons avanc\u00e9 une hypoth\u00e8se : une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 n\u2019est pas motiv\u00e9e \u00e0 faire preuve d\u2019innovation si l\u2019environnement ne lui propose pas d\u2019aiguillon. En particulier, c\u2019est le spectre des famines qui invite \u00e0 domestiquer la nature pour augmenter l\u2019abondance de nourriture.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"line-height: 1.3em;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">On peut recenser au moins deux facteurs climatiques influen\u00e7ant ce \u00ab stress environnemental \u00bb :<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"line-height: 1.3em;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Les famines, un ennemi que l\u2019on peut esp\u00e9rer vaincre :<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Les r\u00e9gions pr\u00e9sentant une forte variabilit\u00e9 dans les pr\u00e9cipitations annuelles connaissent un stress hydrique tr\u00e8s fort : un retard ou une avance de la saison des pluies peut avoir des cons\u00e9quences catastrophiques. Cette caract\u00e9ristique climatique pourrait \u00eatre un puissant moteur pour les innovations.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"line-height: 1.3em;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Les \u00e9pid\u00e9mies, un ennemi qui laisse les hommes de l\u2019Antiquit\u00e9 d\u00e9munis :<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Les r\u00e9gions chaudes et humides tendent \u00e0 favoriser la propagation des maladies, notamment par le biais du moustique (c\u2019est l\u2019une des causes majeures de d\u00e9c\u00e8s dans le monde encore aujourd\u2019hui). Si ce sont donc les maladies qui pilotent la d\u00e9mographie au lieu des famines, la notion de stress environnemental poussant \u00e0 l\u2019innovation dispara\u00eet.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"line-height: 1.3em;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Par ailleurs, on admettra qu\u2019il soit impossible \u00e0 une communaut\u00e9 humaine de d\u00e9velopper une civilisation avanc\u00e9e si elle ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie pas d\u2019un minimum de pluies\u2026<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"line-height: 1.3em;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Adaptation de <a href=\"..\/\">la Terre du Futur<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">sources :\u00a0http:\/\/www.maxisciences.com\/ \/ et extrait de\u00a0http:\/\/www.herodote.net\/<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"bawpvc-ajax-counter\" data-id=\"2533\">(528)<\/p>\n<!--CusAds0-->\n<div style=\"font-size: 0px; height: 0px; line-height: 0px; margin: 0; padding: 0; clear: both;\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" alignleft size-full wp-image-2530\" src=\"http:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/laterredufutur.com_photos_rome1.jpg\" border=\"0\" style=\"border: 0px; float: left;\" width=\"120\" height=\"90\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/laterredufutur.com_photos_rome1.jpg?w=120&amp;ssl=1 120w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/laterredufutur.com_photos_rome1.jpg?resize=70%2C53&amp;ssl=1 70w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 120px) 100vw, 120px\" \/>Pendant des si\u00e8cles, pr\u00e9voir le temps qu\u2019il ferait le lendemain a \u00e9t\u00e9 impossible. Or, une \u00e9tude r\u00e9v\u00e8le que la chute de l\u2019empire romain, par exemple, serait en partie due \u00e0 la m\u00e9t\u00e9o, impr\u00e9visible. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Ulf B\u00fcntgen de l\u2019institut f\u00e9d\u00e9ral suisse de la recherche sur la for\u00eat, la neige et le paysage\u00a0 a dirig\u00e9 une \u00e9tude portant sur l\u2019implication des variations climatiques sur l\u2019\u00e9volution et le d\u00e9clin des civilisations \u00e0 travers les \u00e2ges. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"> <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2530,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[33],"tags":[866,383,41,2412,355,330],"class_list":["post-2533","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-archeologie","tag-agriculture","tag-civilisations","tag-climat","tag-declin","tag-evolution","tag-famine","wpcat-33-id"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/laterredufutur.com_photos_rome1.jpg?fit=120%2C90&ssl=1","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p631RN-ER","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":13893,"url":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/decouvrez-la-cause-de-lextinction-des-mayas\/","url_meta":{"origin":2533,"position":0},"title":"D\u00e9couvrez la cause de l&rsquo;extinction des Mayas","author":"Admin","date":"18 novembre 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"La civilisation maya est l\u2019une des plus puissantes et ing\u00e9nieuses qui aient v\u00e9cu sur Terre. Cependant, on sait encore bien peu de choses sur leur disparition. Les premiers sites mayas ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construits au cours du premier mill\u00e9naire avant notre \u00e8re. Cette civilisation, qui v\u00e9cut apr\u00e8s les Olm\u00e8ques et avant\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Arch\u00e9ologie&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Arch\u00e9ologie","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/sujets\/archeologie\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/temple-maya.jpg?fit=805%2C453&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/temple-maya.jpg?fit=805%2C453&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/temple-maya.jpg?fit=805%2C453&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/temple-maya.jpg?fit=805%2C453&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":5885,"url":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/la-nasa-predit-la-fin-de-notre-civilisation-un-monde-condamne\/","url_meta":{"origin":2533,"position":1},"title":"La Nasa pr\u00e9dit la fin de notre civilisation, un monde condamn\u00e9","author":"Admin","date":"9 mai 2015","format":false,"excerpt":"LE PLUS. Notre civilisation serait condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 dispara\u00eetre. Non, vous n'\u00eates pas dans un film de science-fiction, c'est la Nasa elle-m\u00eame qui l'annonce, via une \u00e9tude qu'elle a financ\u00e9e. Des chercheurs ont ainsi montr\u00e9 que plusieurs crit\u00e8res pourraient entra\u00eener la disparition de notre civilisation d'ici une quinzaine d'ann\u00e9es. Doit-on craindre\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Monde Futur&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Monde Futur","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/sujets\/monde-futur\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"effondrement-civilisation","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/effondrement-civilisation.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/effondrement-civilisation.jpg?resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/effondrement-civilisation.jpg?resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":27492,"url":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/leffondrement-de-la-civilisation-maya-la-secheresse-nexplique-pas-tout\/","url_meta":{"origin":2533,"position":2},"title":"L&rsquo;effondrement de la civilisation maya : la s\u00e9cheresse n&rsquo;explique pas tout","author":"Admin","date":"5 d\u00e9cembre 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"Entre 750 et 900 de notre \u00e8re, la population des basses terres mayas d'Am\u00e9rique centrale a connu un important d\u00e9clin d\u00e9mographique et politique qui, selon la litt\u00e9rature scientifique, a co\u00efncid\u00e9 avec des \u00e9pisodes r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9cheresse intense. Pendant des d\u00e9cennies, les scientifiques ont cru que l'effondrement de la civilisation maya\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Arch\u00e9ologie&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Arch\u00e9ologie","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/sujets\/archeologie\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/pyramide-maya.jpg?fit=1024%2C672&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/pyramide-maya.jpg?fit=1024%2C672&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/pyramide-maya.jpg?fit=1024%2C672&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/pyramide-maya.jpg?fit=1024%2C672&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":27945,"url":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/quest-il-arrive-a-la-civilisation-minoenne\/","url_meta":{"origin":2533,"position":3},"title":"Qu&rsquo;est-il arriv\u00e9 \u00e0 la civilisation minoenne ?","author":"Admin","date":"10 avril 2026","format":false,"excerpt":"La civilisation minoenne a prosp\u00e9r\u00e9 entre 2000 et 1500 avant J.-C. environ en Cr\u00e8te et dans les \u00eeles voisines. Comment a-t-elle disparu ? Entre 2000 et 1500 avant J.-C. environ, la civilisation minoenne prosp\u00e9ra en Cr\u00e8te et dans les \u00eeles voisines. Elle construisit des palais orn\u00e9s de fresques, pratiqua des\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Arch\u00e9ologie&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Arch\u00e9ologie","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/sujets\/archeologie\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/eruption-santorin-mediterranee.jpg?fit=1024%2C1024&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/eruption-santorin-mediterranee.jpg?fit=1024%2C1024&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/eruption-santorin-mediterranee.jpg?fit=1024%2C1024&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/eruption-santorin-mediterranee.jpg?fit=1024%2C1024&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":20557,"url":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/une-nouvelle-etude-demystifie-le-mythe-de-la-civilisation-amerindienne-perdue-de-cahokia\/","url_meta":{"origin":2533,"position":4},"title":"Une nouvelle \u00e9tude d\u00e9mystifie le mythe de la civilisation am\u00e9rindienne perdue de Cahokia","author":"Admin","date":"14 mars 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"Une arch\u00e9ologue de l'Universit\u00e9 de Californie de Berkeley a d\u00e9terr\u00e9 d'anciens excr\u00e9ments humains, des indices d\u00e9mographiques, pour contester le r\u00e9cit de la disparition l\u00e9gendaire de Cahokia, la m\u00e9tropole pr\u00e9colombienne la plus embl\u00e9matique d'Am\u00e9rique du Nord. \u00c0 son apog\u00e9e dans les ann\u00e9es 1100, Cahokia - situ\u00e9e dans ce qui est maintenant\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Arch\u00e9ologie&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Arch\u00e9ologie","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/sujets\/archeologie\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Cahokia-civilisation.jpg?fit=1000%2C750&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Cahokia-civilisation.jpg?fit=1000%2C750&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Cahokia-civilisation.jpg?fit=1000%2C750&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Cahokia-civilisation.jpg?fit=1000%2C750&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":2505,"url":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/la-civilisation-maya-a-disparu-a-cause-dune-secheresse\/","url_meta":{"origin":2533,"position":5},"title":"La civilisation maya a disparu \u00e0 cause d&rsquo;une s\u00e9cheresse","author":"Admin","date":"15 mars 2015","format":false,"excerpt":"Le changement climatique, responsable d'une longue s\u00e9cheresse catastrophique, a \u00e9t\u00e9 fatal \u00e0 la civilisation maya, selon des chercheurs. Elle faisait partie des cultures les plus grandioses et avanc\u00e9es de son \u00e9poque. Mais \u00e0 l\u2019aube du IXe si\u00e8cle, la civilisation maya a brutalement disparu. Une \u00e9tude scientifique de novembre 2012 a\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Arch\u00e9ologie&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Arch\u00e9ologie","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/sujets\/archeologie\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/laterredufutur.com_photos_maya-0.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2533","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2533"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2533\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2593,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2533\/revisions\/2593"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2530"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2533"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2533"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2533"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}