{"id":22344,"date":"2021-04-10T16:07:09","date_gmt":"2021-04-10T15:07:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/?p=22344"},"modified":"2021-04-10T16:07:09","modified_gmt":"2021-04-10T15:07:09","slug":"le-10-avril-1815-le-tambora-explosait-dans-une-explosion-cataclysmique","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/le-10-avril-1815-le-tambora-explosait-dans-une-explosion-cataclysmique\/","title":{"rendered":"Le 10 avril 1815, le Tambora explosait dans une explosion cataclysmique"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"1665f18d14f35dd9e7566e1a8ac9a3e9\" data-index=\"1\" style=\"float: none; margin:10px 0 10px 0; text-align:center;\">\n<script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\"\r\n     data-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-2860849627502538\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"3019501113\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Il y a exactement 206 ans, le 10 avril 1815, le mont Tambora sur l&rsquo;\u00eele de Sumbawa, dans l&rsquo;ouest de Nusa Tenggara, en Indon\u00e9sie explosait dans une explosion cataclysmique avec un VEI (indice d&rsquo;explosivit\u00e9 volcanique) de 7 !<\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"22345\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/le-10-avril-1815-le-tambora-explosait-dans-une-explosion-cataclysmique\/indice-vei-volcans\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/indice-VEI-volcans.png?fit=581%2C357&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"581,357\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"indice-VEI-volcans\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/indice-VEI-volcans.png?fit=581%2C357&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"size-full wp-image-22345 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/indice-VEI-volcans.png?resize=581%2C357&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"581\" height=\"357\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/indice-VEI-volcans.png?w=581&amp;ssl=1 581w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/indice-VEI-volcans.png?resize=300%2C184&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 581px) 100vw, 581px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Cette \u00e9ruption du mont Tambora est la plus grande \u00e9ruption que le monde a enregistr\u00e9 dans l&rsquo;histoire r\u00e9cente. Dans le Livre du Guinness des records, il est appel\u00e9 \u2032\u2032 la plus grande et la plus meurtri\u00e8re \u00e9ruption volcanique de l&rsquo;histoire \u00ab\u00a0. Imaginez, que le Tambora d&rsquo;origine mesurait environ 4300 m de haut, en raison de la puissante \u00e9ruption entendue jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 2600 km de son point d&rsquo;origine, ce qui a entra\u00een\u00e9 que son pic s&rsquo;est \u00e9cras\u00e9 et la majeure partie de son mat\u00e9riel volcanique a \u00e9t\u00e9 projet\u00e9, environ 100 km3 pyroclastique souffl\u00e9s, \u00e0 la fin de l&rsquo;explosion la hauteur de la montagne restante \u00e9tait de 2850 m de haut, laissant une caldeira g\u00e9ante d&rsquo;un diam\u00e8tre de 6-7 km avec une profondeur de 600-700 m.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_22346\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-22346\" style=\"width: 640px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"22346\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/le-10-avril-1815-le-tambora-explosait-dans-une-explosion-cataclysmique\/tambora-volcan\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/tambora-volcan.jpg?fit=640%2C400&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"640,400\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"tambora-volcan\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/tambora-volcan.jpg?fit=640%2C400&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"wp-image-22346 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/tambora-volcan.jpg?resize=640%2C400&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/tambora-volcan.jpg?w=640&amp;ssl=1 640w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/tambora-volcan.jpg?resize=300%2C188&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-22346\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">credit Sinung Baskoro Anggota IAGI dan Pengurus MAGI<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>La plupart des gens connaissent mieux l&rsquo;\u00e9ruption du Krakatau en 1883 compar\u00e9 \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9ruption G. Tambora 1815. Si l&rsquo;\u00e9ruption de Krakatau a tu\u00e9 36.417 personne, l&rsquo;\u00e9ruption du Tambora a fait beaucoup plus de victimes, environ 92.000 personnes, mais toutes n&rsquo;ont pas \u00e9t\u00e9 directement des victimes de l&rsquo;\u00e9ruption. En effet beaucoup sont mortes de faim de l&rsquo;impact mondial de l&rsquo;\u00e9ruption qui a eu lieu en 1816, dans certaines parties du monde (europ\u00e9en, am\u00e9ricain et canadien). Cela a cr\u00e9\u00e9 des changements climatiques et beaucoup ont perdu leurs r\u00e9coltes, de sorte que 1816 a \u00e9t\u00e9 nomm\u00e9e \u2032\u2032 l&rsquo;ann\u00e9e sans \u00e9t\u00e9 \u2032\u2032 ou \u2032\u2032 l&rsquo;ann\u00e9e de la pauvret\u00e9 \u2032\u2032 ou encore&nbsp; \u2032\u2032 L &lsquo;ann\u00e9e froide \u2032\u2032 , Ann\u00e9e de la famine \u2032\u2032, \u2032\u2032 1816 et gel\u00e9 \u00e0 mort \u2032\u2032.<\/p>\n<p>L&rsquo;Europe, qui ne s&rsquo;\u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9tablie des guerres napol\u00e9oniennes, connut une famine. Des \u00e9meutes de subsistance \u00e9clat\u00e8rent en Grande-Bretagne et en France, et des magasins de grains furent pill\u00e9s. La violence fut la pire en Suisse, pays priv\u00e9 d&rsquo;acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la mer, o\u00f9 la famine for\u00e7a le gouvernement \u00e0 d\u00e9clarer l&rsquo;\u00e9tat d&rsquo;urgence. La pauvret\u00e9 des r\u00e9coltes 1816 et 1817 provoqua une telle mis\u00e8re dans les campagnes que plus de 2 000 \u00e9migrants quitt\u00e8rent la Suisse (en particulier le canton de Fribourg) pour le Br\u00e9sil, fondant en 1819 la ville de Nova Friburgo sur des terres octroy\u00e9es par le roi Jean VI de Portugal. Parmi ces \u00e9migrants, un sur cinq p\u00e9rit durant le voyage. Des temp\u00eates d&rsquo;une rare violence, une pluviosit\u00e9 anormale avec d\u00e9bordement des grands fleuves d&rsquo;Europe (y compris le Rhin) sont attribu\u00e9es \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9v\u00e9nement, tout comme un \u00e9pisode de gel survenu en ao\u00fbt 1816.<\/p><div class=\"1665f18d14f35dd9e7566e1a8ac9a3e9\" data-index=\"2\" style=\"float: none; margin:10px 0 10px 0; text-align:center;\">\n<script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\"\r\n     data-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-2860849627502538\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"3019501113\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n\n<p>Un documentaire de la BBC  estime que les taux de mortalit\u00e9 en 1816 ont \u00e9t\u00e9 deux fois sup\u00e9rieurs \u00e0 la moyenne habituelle, avec au total environ deux cent mille victimes de cette ann\u00e9e au niveau mondial. (credit Wikipedia)<\/p>\n<p>Les volcanologues mondiaux ont propos\u00e9 que le jour de la puissante \u00e9ruption du Tambora en Indon\u00e9sie du 10 avril 1815 devienne la Journ\u00e9e internationale des volcans.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_22347\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-22347\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"22347\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/le-10-avril-1815-le-tambora-explosait-dans-une-explosion-cataclysmique\/tambora-indonesie\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/tambora-indonesie.jpg?fit=800%2C358&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"800,358\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"tambora-indonesie\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/tambora-indonesie.jpg?fit=800%2C358&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"wp-image-22347 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/tambora-indonesie.jpg?resize=800%2C358&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"358\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/tambora-indonesie.jpg?w=800&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/tambora-indonesie.jpg?resize=300%2C134&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/tambora-indonesie.jpg?resize=768%2C344&amp;ssl=1 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-22347\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">credit Sinung Baskoro Anggota IAGI dan Pengurus MAGI<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_22348\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-22348\" style=\"width: 1024px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"22348\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/le-10-avril-1815-le-tambora-explosait-dans-une-explosion-cataclysmique\/tambora-volcan-2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/tambora-volcan-1.jpg?fit=1024%2C341&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1024,341\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"tambora-volcan\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;credit Sinung Baskoro Anggota IAGI dan Pengurus MAGI&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/tambora-volcan-1.jpg?fit=800%2C266&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"size-full wp-image-22348\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/tambora-volcan-1.jpg?resize=1024%2C341&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"341\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/tambora-volcan-1.jpg?w=1024&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/tambora-volcan-1.jpg?resize=300%2C100&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/tambora-volcan-1.jpg?resize=800%2C266&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/tambora-volcan-1.jpg?resize=768%2C256&amp;ssl=1 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-22348\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">credit Sinung Baskoro Anggota IAGI dan Pengurus MAGI<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_22349\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-22349\" style=\"width: 700px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"22349\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/le-10-avril-1815-le-tambora-explosait-dans-une-explosion-cataclysmique\/tambora-volcan-3\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/tambora-volcan-2.jpg?fit=700%2C270&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"700,270\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"tambora-volcan\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;credit Sinung Baskoro Anggota IAGI dan Pengurus MAGI&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/tambora-volcan-2.jpg?fit=700%2C270&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"size-full wp-image-22349\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/tambora-volcan-2.jpg?resize=700%2C270&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"270\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/tambora-volcan-2.jpg?w=700&amp;ssl=1 700w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/tambora-volcan-2.jpg?resize=300%2C116&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-22349\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">credit Sinung Baskoro Anggota IAGI dan Pengurus MAGI<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Les d\u00e9r\u00e8glements de l&rsquo;\u00ab ann\u00e9e sans \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00bb \u00e9taient dus \u00e0 des \u00e9ruptions volcaniques4 produites du 5 au 15 avril 1815 par le mont Tambora sur l&rsquo;\u00eele de Sumbawa dans les Indes orientales n\u00e9erlandaises (actuelle Indon\u00e9sie), \u00e9jectant dans les couches sup\u00e9rieures de l&rsquo;atmosph\u00e8re de grandes quantit\u00e9s de poussi\u00e8re volcanique et d&rsquo;a\u00e9rosols sulfur\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<p>D&rsquo;autres volcans \u00e9taient en activit\u00e9 \u00e0 des dates voisines :<\/p>\n<p>un ou plusieurs volcans non identifi\u00e9s en 1809 ;<br \/>\nla Soufri\u00e8re sur Saint-Vincent dans les Cara\u00efbes en 1812 ;<br \/>\nle Mayon aux Philippines en 1814.<br \/>\nCes autres \u00e9ruptions avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 produit une quantit\u00e9 substantielle de poussi\u00e8re atmosph\u00e9rique. Comme il arrive souvent \u00e0 la suite d&rsquo;une \u00e9ruption volcanique massive, les temp\u00e9ratures diminu\u00e8rent dans le monde entier puisque moins de lumi\u00e8re solaire parvenait \u00e0 traverser l&rsquo;atmosph\u00e8re. \u00c0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de ces causes directes, l&rsquo;activit\u00e9 solaire avait de nouveau faibli depuis 1800 environ (minimum de Dalton). Le cinqui\u00e8me cycle solaire fut ainsi particuli\u00e8rement faible. Le contexte dans lequel eurent lieu ces \u00e9ruptions \u00e9tait donc d\u00e9j\u00e0 favorable \u00e0 une faiblesse des temp\u00e9ratures.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thepetitionsite.com\/fr-fr\/473\/756\/887\/?fbclid=IwAR2Ft1wbHQ1bj-SoYX-A-Y507sTTn5L6IFuwu5eDYLYyEwm726k26KJid10\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">P\u00e9tition mondiale pour la journ\u00e9e du volcanisme le 10 avril<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"bawpvc-ajax-counter\" data-id=\"22344\">(1342)<\/p>\n<!--CusAds0-->\n<div style=\"font-size: 0px; height: 0px; line-height: 0px; margin: 0; padding: 0; clear: both;\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Il y a exactement 206 ans, le 10 avril 1815, le mont Tambora sur l&rsquo;\u00eele de Sumbawa, dans l&rsquo;ouest de&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":22350,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"Le 10 avril 1815, le #Tambora explosait dans une #explosion cataclysmique @laterredufutur.com Terra Projects","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[19],"tags":[3268,671,1382,2210,2678,548,48],"class_list":["post-22344","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-seismes-et-volcans","tag-cataclsyme","tag-explosion","tag-indonesie","tag-puissante","tag-tambora","tag-victimes","tag-volcan","wpcat-19-id"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/tambora-volcan-3.jpg?fit=1000%2C660&ssl=1","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p631RN-5Oo","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":11684,"url":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/1816-lannee-sans-ete-apres-leruption-du-tambora\/","url_meta":{"origin":22344,"position":0},"title":"1816 : l&rsquo;ann\u00e9e sans \u00e9t\u00e9 apr\u00e8s l&rsquo;\u00e9ruption du Tambora","author":"Admin","date":"6 avril 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"Il y a 201 ans, le 5 avril 1815, la plus puissante \u00e9ruption volcanique document\u00e9e par l'homme d\u00e9butait, celle du volcan Tambora sur l'\u00eele de Sumbawa en Indon\u00e9sie. Elle eut une puissance estim\u00e9e \u00e0 plus de 10 000 fois les bombes d'Hiroshima et de Nagasaki r\u00e9unies. Les explosions ont \u00e9t\u00e9\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Arch\u00e9ologie&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Arch\u00e9ologie","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/sujets\/archeologie\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/Tambora-1815.jpg?fit=700%2C441&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/Tambora-1815.jpg?fit=700%2C441&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/Tambora-1815.jpg?fit=700%2C441&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/Tambora-1815.jpg?fit=700%2C441&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":3046,"url":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/leruption-cataclysmale-du-volcan-tambora-en-1815\/","url_meta":{"origin":22344,"position":1},"title":"L&rsquo;\u00e9ruption cataclysmale du volcan Tambora en 1815","author":"Admin","date":"8 avril 2015","format":false,"excerpt":"Il y a 200 ans, l'\u00e9ruption cataclysmale du volcan Tambora le 10 avril 1815.\u00a0Le stratovolcan du Tambora est situ\u00e9 sur la pointe Ouest de l\u2019\u00eele de Sumbawa, \u00e0 l\u2019Est de l\u2019archipel indon\u00e9sien. C\u2019est un \u00e9norme stratovolcan de 60 km de diam\u00e8tre avec au centre une caldeira de 6 km de\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Seismes\/Volcans&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Seismes\/Volcans","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/sujets\/seismes-et-volcans\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/tambora-1816.jpg?fit=576%2C379&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/tambora-1816.jpg?fit=576%2C379&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/tambora-1816.jpg?fit=576%2C379&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":10717,"url":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/un-ete-sans-soleil\/","url_meta":{"origin":22344,"position":2},"title":"Un \u00e9t\u00e9 sans soleil","author":"Admin","date":"2 f\u00e9vrier 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"Cet \u00e9t\u00e9 de 1816, pluies, gr\u00eales et chutes de neiges n\u2019ont cess\u00e9 de se succ\u00e9der. En Europe et en Am\u00e9rique du Nord, les moissons pourrissent sur pieds et cr\u00e9ent une telle p\u00e9nurie de nourriture que famines et \u00e9pid\u00e9mies s\u00e9vissent dans tout l\u2019h\u00e9misph\u00e8re nord. Cette ann\u00e9e-l\u00e0, ils sont des centaines de\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Seismes\/Volcans&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Seismes\/Volcans","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/sujets\/seismes-et-volcans\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/soleil-brume.jpg?fit=682%2C454&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/soleil-brume.jpg?fit=682%2C454&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/soleil-brume.jpg?fit=682%2C454&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":13087,"url":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/un-ete-sans-soleil-2\/","url_meta":{"origin":22344,"position":3},"title":"Un \u00e9t\u00e9 sans soleil","author":"Admin","date":"2 septembre 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"Cet \u00e9t\u00e9 de 1816, pluies, gr\u00eales et chutes de neiges n\u2019ont cess\u00e9 de se succ\u00e9der. En Europe et en Am\u00e9rique du Nord, les moissons pourrissent sur pieds et cr\u00e9ent une telle p\u00e9nurie de nourriture que famines et \u00e9pid\u00e9mies s\u00e9vissent dans tout l\u2019h\u00e9misph\u00e8re nord. Cette ann\u00e9e-l\u00e0, ils sont des centaines de\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Seismes\/Volcans&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Seismes\/Volcans","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/sujets\/seismes-et-volcans\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/tambora-1816.jpg?fit=576%2C379&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/tambora-1816.jpg?fit=576%2C379&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/tambora-1816.jpg?fit=576%2C379&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":11233,"url":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/les-11-plus-grandes-eruptions-volcaniques-depuis-4000-ans\/","url_meta":{"origin":22344,"position":4},"title":"Les plus grandes \u00e9ruptions volcaniques depuis 4000 ans","author":"Admin","date":"10 mars 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"L'histoire a vu de monstrueuses \u00e9ruptions volcaniques, des \u00e9poques de refroidissement du mont Pinatubo \u00e0 l'explosion du MontTambora, l'un des plus hauts sommets de l'archipel indon\u00e9sien. La puissance de ces \u00e9ruptions est mesur\u00e9e en utilisant l'indice\u00a0explosibilit\u00e9\u00a0volcanique (VEI), un syst\u00e8me de classification mis au point dans\u00a0les ann\u00e9es 1980 qui peut \u00eatre\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Arch\u00e9ologie&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Arch\u00e9ologie","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/sujets\/archeologie\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/eruption-du-volcan-calbuco-23-avril-2015.jpg?fit=648%2C415&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/eruption-du-volcan-calbuco-23-avril-2015.jpg?fit=648%2C415&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/eruption-du-volcan-calbuco-23-avril-2015.jpg?fit=648%2C415&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":23844,"url":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/69-mega-eruptions-volcaniques-ont-eu-lieu-pendant-le-dernier-age-glaciaire\/","url_meta":{"origin":22344,"position":5},"title":"69 m\u00e9ga-\u00e9ruptions volcaniques ont eu lieu pendant le dernier \u00e2ge glaciaire","author":"Admin","date":"20 mars 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"Une nouvelle \u00e9tude r\u00e9v\u00e8le que le dernier \u00e2ge glaciaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 marqu\u00e9 par 69 m\u00e9ga-\u00e9ruptions, dont la puissance d\u00e9passe celle du Tambora, qui est la plus violente \u00e9ruption que l'Homme moderne ait connue. Depuis l'origine de la Terre, les \u00e9ruptions volcaniques sont quasiment quotidiennes \u00e0 la surface du globe. Souvent\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Arch\u00e9ologie&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Arch\u00e9ologie","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/sujets\/archeologie\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/volcanisme-volcans.jpg?fit=1024%2C682&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/volcanisme-volcans.jpg?fit=1024%2C682&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/volcanisme-volcans.jpg?fit=1024%2C682&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/volcanisme-volcans.jpg?fit=1024%2C682&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22344","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=22344"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22344\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":22351,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22344\/revisions\/22351"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/22350"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=22344"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=22344"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=22344"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}