{"id":19767,"date":"2019-11-04T17:00:21","date_gmt":"2019-11-04T15:00:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/?p=19767"},"modified":"2019-10-10T12:44:55","modified_gmt":"2019-10-10T10:44:55","slug":"shibam-ville-du-yemen-est-la-plus-ancienne-metropole-au-monde-construite-a-la-verticale","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/shibam-ville-du-yemen-est-la-plus-ancienne-metropole-au-monde-construite-a-la-verticale\/","title":{"rendered":"Shibam, ville du Y\u00e9men, est la plus ancienne m\u00e9tropole au monde construite \u00e0 la verticale"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"1665f18d14f35dd9e7566e1a8ac9a3e9\" data-index=\"1\" style=\"float: none; margin:10px 0 10px 0; text-align:center;\">\n<script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\"\r\n     data-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-2860849627502538\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"3019501113\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Au c\u0153ur de la vall\u00e9e du Wadi Hadramaout, au Y\u00e9men, une cit\u00e9 de grattes-ciels en torchis s&rsquo;\u00e9l\u00e8ve au-dessus du sol du d\u00e9sert, un mod\u00e8le d&rsquo;adaptabilit\u00e9 humaine aux environnements les plus extraordinaires.<\/p>\n<p>En bordure d&rsquo;une \u00e9tendue de d\u00e9sert d\u00e9sol\u00e9e connue sous le nom de \u00ab Quart Vide \u00bb, Shibam, ville fortifi\u00e9e datant du 17\u00e8me si\u00e8cle, reste la plus ancienne m\u00e9tropole du monde construite \u00e0 la verticale. En 1930, l&rsquo;exploratrice britannique Freya Stark avait m\u00eame baptis\u00e9 la cit\u00e9 de \u00ab Manhattan du d\u00e9sert \u00bb lors de son passage en caravane sur la route des \u00e9pices et de l&rsquo;encens au nord de l&rsquo;Arabie.<\/p>\n<p>Chaque aspect de l&rsquo;architecture de Shibam est strat\u00e9gique. Perch\u00e9e sur un \u00e9peron rocheux entour\u00e9 du lit gigantesque d&rsquo;un oued inond\u00e9, sa position \u00e9lev\u00e9e la prot\u00e8ge des inondations tout en pr\u00e9servant une proximit\u00e9 avec sa principale source d&rsquo;eau et d&rsquo;agriculture. La ville a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e sur une grille rectangulaire \u00e0 l&rsquo;arri\u00e8re d&rsquo;un mur fortifi\u00e9, une construction d\u00e9fensive qui prot\u00e9geait ses habitants des tribus rivales et offrait un point de vue \u00e9lev\u00e9 \u00e0 partir duquel il \u00e9tait possible de voir les ennemis approcher.<\/p><div class=\"1665f18d14f35dd9e7566e1a8ac9a3e9\" data-index=\"2\" style=\"float: none; margin:10px 0 10px 0; text-align:center;\">\n<script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\"\r\n     data-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-2860849627502538\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"3019501113\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n\n<figure id=\"attachment_19769\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-19769\" style=\"width: 640px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"19769\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/shibam-ville-du-yemen-est-la-plus-ancienne-metropole-au-monde-construite-a-la-verticale\/shibam\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Shibam.jpg?fit=640%2C480&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"640,480\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;DSC-L1&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1073380833&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;5.1&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;100&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.003125&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Shibam\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;credit : https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/maviagt\/524897025&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Shibam.jpg?fit=640%2C480&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"size-full wp-image-19769\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Shibam.jpg?resize=640%2C480&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Shibam.jpg?w=640&amp;ssl=1 640w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Shibam.jpg?resize=80%2C60&amp;ssl=1 80w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Shibam.jpg?resize=300%2C225&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Shibam.jpg?resize=174%2C131&amp;ssl=1 174w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Shibam.jpg?resize=70%2C53&amp;ssl=1 70w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-19769\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">credit : <a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/maviagt\/524897025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Aysegul Tastaban<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Ces grands immeubles en torchis, qui s&rsquo;\u00e9l\u00e8vent jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 sept \u00e9tages,ont \u00e9t\u00e9 b\u00e2tis \u00e0 partir du sol fertile entourant la ville. Les briques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 fabriqu\u00e9es \u00e0 partir d&rsquo;un m\u00e9lange de terre, de foin et d&rsquo;eau puis ont \u00e9t\u00e9 cuites au soleil pendant des jours. Les rez-de-chauss\u00e9es sans fen\u00eatres \u00e9taient utilis\u00e9s pour le b\u00e9tail et le stockage du grain, tandis que les niveaux sup\u00e9rieurs servaient g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement d&rsquo;espaces communs pour sociabiliser. Les passerelles ainsi que les portes communicantes entre les b\u00e2timents \u00e9taient con\u00e7ues de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 permettre une \u00e9vacuation rapide, une autre des caract\u00e9ristiques impressionnantes de d\u00e9fense de la ville.<\/p>\n<p>Les structures sont constamment menac\u00e9es par le vent, la pluie et l&rsquo;\u00e9rosion thermique et n\u00e9cessitent un entretien r\u00e9gulier. En 2008, un cyclone tropical a inond\u00e9 Shibam, endommageant plusieurs structures et mena\u00e7ant de renverser ses tours de terre.<\/p>\n<p>extrait et source : <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.fr\/voyage\/cette-cite-antique-aux-grattes-ciels-en-terre-est-le-manhattan-du-desert\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.fr<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"bawpvc-ajax-counter\" data-id=\"19767\">(1046)<\/p>\n<!--CusAds0-->\n<div style=\"font-size: 0px; height: 0px; line-height: 0px; margin: 0; padding: 0; clear: both;\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Au c\u0153ur de la vall\u00e9e du Wadi Hadramaout, au Y\u00e9men, une cit\u00e9 de grattes-ciels en torchis s&rsquo;\u00e9l\u00e8ve au-dessus du sol&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":19768,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"Shibam, ville du Y\u00e9men, est la plus ancienne m\u00e9tropole au monde construite \u00e0 la verticale @laterredufutur.com Terra Projects","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[33],"tags":[7260,3451,3734,231,7259],"class_list":["post-19767","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-archeologie","tag-shibam","tag-tour","tag-verticales","tag-ville","tag-yemen","wpcat-33-id"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Shibam-Yemen.jpg?fit=950%2C575&ssl=1","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p631RN-58P","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":5078,"url":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/un-monde-de-verticales\/","url_meta":{"origin":19767,"position":0},"title":"Un Monde de verticales","author":"Admin","date":"28 octobre 2009","format":false,"excerpt":"Depuis la naissance en 1884 du premier gratte-ciel de l\u2019histoire, ces constructions d\u2019un nouveau type n\u2019ont eu de cesse d\u2019essaimer dans le monde entier et la surench\u00e8re des sommets n\u2019est pas pr\u00e8s de s\u2019achever\u00a0: l\u2019\u00e9volution d\u00e9mographique de la plan\u00e8te et l\u2019hypertrophie urbaine ne laissent \u00e0 terme d\u2019autre choix que l\u2019av\u00e8nement\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Monde Futur&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Monde Futur","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/sujets\/monde-futur\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/spaw\/images\/world_financial_center_shangai.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":4819,"url":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/une-ville-sans-pollution-dans-le-desert-dabu-dhabi\/","url_meta":{"origin":19767,"position":1},"title":"Une ville sans pollution dans le d\u00e9sert d&rsquo;Abu Dhabi","author":"Admin","date":"27 mars 2009","format":false,"excerpt":"La\u00a0construction d'une ville de 50.000 habitants \u00ab z\u00e9ro pollution \u00bb dans l'\u00e9mirat d'Abu Dhabi marque le d\u00e9part d'un nouveau concept d'urbanisme. A l'horizon de 2016, la ville nouvelle devrait accueillir environ 50.000 habitants.Pas de voitures \u00e0 moteur thermique, z\u00e9ro rejet de dioxyde de carbone, recyclage total des d\u00e9chets domestiques. La\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Ecologie&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Ecologie","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/sujets\/ecologie\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":15477,"url":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/la-chine-accueillera-sa-premiere-foret-verticale-en-2018\/","url_meta":{"origin":19767,"position":2},"title":"La Chine accueillera sa premi\u00e8re for\u00eat verticale en 2018","author":"Admin","date":"3 juillet 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"La ville de Nanjing va cultiver une for\u00eat verticale sur deux gratte-ciel pr\u00e9vus pour 2018. Ces espaces de biodiversit\u00e9 se d\u00e9veloppent dans le monde. Apr\u00e8s Milan et Paris, la ville de Nanjing, en Chine, va se doter d\u2019une for\u00eat verticale cultiv\u00e9e sur deux gratte-ciel voisins. La construction, entreprise dans la\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Ecologie&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Ecologie","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/sujets\/ecologie\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/foret-cite-chine.jpg?fit=1067%2C800&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/foret-cite-chine.jpg?fit=1067%2C800&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/foret-cite-chine.jpg?fit=1067%2C800&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/foret-cite-chine.jpg?fit=1067%2C800&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/foret-cite-chine.jpg?fit=1067%2C800&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":9663,"url":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/une-mine-russe-rehabilitee-en-ville-souterraine\/","url_meta":{"origin":19767,"position":3},"title":"Une mine russe r\u00e9habilit\u00e9e en ville souterraine","author":"Admin","date":"12 d\u00e9cembre 2015","format":false,"excerpt":"L'\u00e9co-ville 2020 est une proposition pour la r\u00e9habilitation de la zone industrielle Mirniy qui est en Sib\u00e9rie orientale, en Russie, le projet a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9 par le studio d'architecture d\u2019innovation AB Elis Ltd. Le projet a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9fl\u00e9chi pour \u00eatre situ\u00e9 \u00e0 l'int\u00e9rieur d'un crat\u00e8re g\u00e9ant cr\u00e9\u00e9 artificiellement, avec un\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Ecologie&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Ecologie","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/sujets\/ecologie\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/ville-souterraine-siberie2.jpg?fit=800%2C493&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/ville-souterraine-siberie2.jpg?fit=800%2C493&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/ville-souterraine-siberie2.jpg?fit=800%2C493&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/ville-souterraine-siberie2.jpg?fit=800%2C493&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":4292,"url":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/masdar-city\/","url_meta":{"origin":19767,"position":4},"title":"Masdar City","author":"Admin","date":"6 f\u00e9vrier 2008","format":false,"excerpt":"Imaginez une ville de 50000 habitants, sans voiture, sans dioxyde de carbone, sans d\u00e9chet, bref, une ville \u00e9cologique du futur. Maintenant, imaginez cette ville dans le d\u00e9sert du Golfe, o\u00f9 les temp\u00e9ratures peuvent atteindre les 50\u00b0C en \u00e9t\u00e9 et o\u00f9 l\u2019air conditionn\u00e9 est branch\u00e9 en permanence. Cette ville s\u2019appelle Masdar\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Ecologie&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Ecologie","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/sujets\/ecologie\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"http:\/\/www.dailymotion.com\/thumbnail\/video\/x2zeod_futur-abu-dhabi-masdar-city_tech","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":3704,"url":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/un-monde-de-cites-etats\/","url_meta":{"origin":19767,"position":5},"title":"Un monde de cit\u00e9s-\u00e9tats","author":"Admin","date":"19 octobre 2006","format":false,"excerpt":"Les cit\u00e9s-\u00e9tats du futur au pass\u00e9. Comment une globalisation va nous faire revenir \u00e0 une \u00e9poque o\u00f9 les \u00eatres humains ont tout commenc\u00e9. Bien des surprises nous attendent dans un monde o\u00f9 des super places financi\u00e8res sont en train de voir le jour. En 2020, le \u00abnational\u00bb a disparu parce\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Monde Futur&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Monde Futur","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/sujets\/monde-futur\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/citeetat.jpg?fit=250%2C252&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19767","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=19767"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19767\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19770,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19767\/revisions\/19770"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/19768"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=19767"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=19767"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=19767"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}