{"id":1837,"date":"2014-02-25T23:00:00","date_gmt":"2014-02-25T22:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/wordpress\/?p=1837"},"modified":"2014-02-25T23:00:00","modified_gmt":"2014-02-25T22:00:00","slug":"comment-se-preparer-pour-la-prochaine-grosse-tempete-solaire","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/comment-se-preparer-pour-la-prochaine-grosse-tempete-solaire\/","title":{"rendered":"Comment se pr\u00e9parer pour la prochaine grosse temp\u00eate solaire ?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"1665f18d14f35dd9e7566e1a8ac9a3e9\" data-index=\"1\" style=\"float: none; margin:10px 0 10px 0; text-align:center;\">\n<script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\"\r\n     data-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-2860849627502538\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"3019501113\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"1831\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/comment-se-preparer-pour-la-prochaine-grosse-tempete-solaire\/_spaw_images_soleil-2010\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/.._spaw_images_soleil-2010.jpg?fit=200%2C230&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"200,230\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\".._spaw_images_soleil-2010\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/.._spaw_images_soleil-2010.jpg?fit=200%2C230&amp;ssl=1\" class=\" alignleft size-full wp-image-1831\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/.._spaw_images_soleil-2010.jpg?w=120\" border=\"0\"  style=\"border: 0px; float: left;\" \/>L&rsquo;une des plus grosses temp\u00eates solaires jamais observ\u00e9es depuis des si\u00e8cles a frapp\u00e9 la Terre en septembre 1859, \u00e0 la veille d&rsquo;un cycle solaire d&rsquo;intensit\u00e9 inf\u00e9rieure \u00e0 la moyenne. La destruction solaire associ\u00e9e est tellement atypique que les chercheurs ne savent toujours pas comme la classer. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">L&rsquo;explosion aspergea la Terre d&rsquo;un d\u00e9luge de protons in\u00e9dit depuis un demi-mill\u00e9naire, accompagn\u00e9e de courants \u00e9lectriques qui incendi\u00e8rent les t\u00e9l\u00e9graphes et envahirent le ciel de Cuba et d&rsquo;Hawaii d&rsquo;aurores bor\u00e9ales.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><br \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">En juin 2011, des responsables r\u00e9unis au National Press Club de Washington DC se sont pos\u00e9s la question : Que se passera-t-il si \u00e7a devait de nouveau arriver ?<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">\u00ab\u00a0Un orage magn\u00e9tique de cette ampleur pourrait nous mettre KO,\u00a0\u00bb affirme Lika Guhathakurta, sp\u00e9cialiste en physique solaire de la NASA. \u00ab\u00a0La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 moderne s&rsquo;appuie sur des syst\u00e8mes sophistiqu\u00e9s tels que les r\u00e9seaux \u00e9lectriques intelligents, les GPS, et les communications par satellite, qui sont tous vuln\u00e9rables aux temp\u00eates solaires.\u00a0\u00bb Lika \u00e9tait pr\u00e9sente au cinqui\u00e8me forum annuel de l&rsquo;espace d\u00e9di\u00e9 au climat, le Space Weather Enterprise Forum (SWEF) en compagnie d&rsquo;une centaine de coll\u00e8gues. Le but de SWEF est de mettre en lumi\u00e8re les ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes climatiques de l&rsquo;espace et leurs cons\u00e9quences pour l&rsquo;homme, pour interpeller les politiques et responsables de la pr\u00e9vention des catastrophes. Le forum a r\u00e9uni des \u00e9lus du Congr\u00e8s am\u00e9ricain, de la Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), des op\u00e9rateurs \u00e9lectriciens, des repr\u00e9sentants des Nations Unies, de la NASA, du NOAA et de nombreuses personnalit\u00e9s de tous horizons.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p> <script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script> <!-- TDF2 --> <ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"      style=\"display:inline-block;width:336px;height:280px\"      data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-2860849627502538\"      data-ad-slot=\"1340140919\"><\/ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); <\/script> <\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Au cours de l&rsquo;ann\u00e9e 2011, les pr\u00e9visionnistes estiment que le soleil va entamer un cycle plus court que la moyenne des cycles.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"1832\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/comment-se-preparer-pour-la-prochaine-grosse-tempete-solaire\/_spaw_images_sol01\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/.._spaw_images_sol01.jpg?fit=990%2C513&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"990,513\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\".._spaw_images_sol01\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/.._spaw_images_sol01.jpg?fit=800%2C415&amp;ssl=1\" class=\" size-full wp-image-1832\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/.._spaw_images_sol01.jpg?w=450\" border=\"0\"  style=\"border: 0px;\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/.._spaw_images_sol01.jpg?w=990&amp;ssl=1 990w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/.._spaw_images_sol01.jpg?resize=300%2C155&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 990px) 100vw, 990px\" \/><br \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">En 1859 \u00ab\u00a0l&rsquo;\u00e9v\u00e9nement de Carrington\u00a0\u00bb (du nom de l&rsquo;astronome Richard Carrington qui d\u00e9crivit la destruction solaire) a montr\u00e9 que les cycles faibles peuvent s&rsquo;accompagner de fortes temp\u00eates magn\u00e9tiques. En 1859, tout ce que l&rsquo;on pouvait craindre de pire \u00e9tait une mise hors service des t\u00e9l\u00e9graphes pendant un ou deux jours tandis que les observateurs des \u00eeles tropicales ont pu admirer des ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes inou\u00efs dans le ciel. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Les cons\u00e9quences colossales d&rsquo;une temp\u00eate solaire sur nos soci\u00e9t\u00e9s modernes <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Mais \u00e0 notre \u00e9poque moderne il en irait bien autrement. Les pannes en cascade des lignes \u00e0 haute tension et transformateurs \u00e9lectriques intercontinentaux priveraient la Terre d&rsquo;\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 pendant des semaines, voire des mois avant que les ing\u00e9nieurs puissent r\u00e9parer les avaries. La navigation a\u00e9rienne et par bateau serait priv\u00e9e de GPS, les satellites seraient mis hors services, les r\u00e9seaux bancaires et financiers s&rsquo;arr\u00eateraient de fonctionner, avec toutes les cons\u00e9quences qu&rsquo;on peut imaginer pour le commerce, bref : un sc\u00e9nario catastrophe \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e8re du tout informatique. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Selon un rapport de 2008 de la National Academy of Sciences, un \u00e9v\u00e8nement solaire exceptionnel comme il en est recens\u00e9 tous les cent ans pourrait avoir un impact \u00e9conomique \u00e9gal \u00e0 l&rsquo;ouragan \u00ab\u00a0Katrina\u00a0\u00bb puissance 20 !<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"1833\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/comment-se-preparer-pour-la-prochaine-grosse-tempete-solaire\/_spaw_images_sol10\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/.._spaw_images_sol10.jpg?fit=990%2C461&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"990,461\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\".._spaw_images_sol10\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/.._spaw_images_sol10.jpg?fit=800%2C373&amp;ssl=1\" class=\" size-full wp-image-1833\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/.._spaw_images_sol10.jpg?w=450\" border=\"0\"  style=\"border: 0px;\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/.._spaw_images_sol10.jpg?w=990&amp;ssl=1 990w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/.._spaw_images_sol10.jpg?resize=300%2C140&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 990px) 100vw, 990px\" \/><br \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">A ce titre, l&rsquo;astronome Mike Hapgood, chercheur au Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, en Angleterre met en garde les dirigeants du monde dans un article paru dans la revue Nature en avril 2012. Selon lui, des temp\u00eates solaires d&rsquo;une intensit\u00e9 \u00e9quivalente \u00e0 celles qui se sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 produites ces 200 derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es pourraient priver des r\u00e9gions enti\u00e8res d&rsquo;\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 pendant plusieurs mois. L&rsquo;astronome cite notamment une \u00e9tude am\u00e9ricaine de 2009 qui estime qu&rsquo;un black-out g\u00e9ant pourrait co\u00fbter 2000 milliards de dollars rien qu&rsquo;aux Etats-Unis, en raison des r\u00e9parations qui n\u00e9cessiteraient 4 \u00e0 10 ans de travaux, sans parler du manque \u00e0 gagner. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Et un tel \u00e9pisode ne serait que peu de chose face \u00e0 une temp\u00eate solaire 20 fois plus puissante, comme celle qui pourrait s&rsquo;\u00eatre abattue sur Terre en l&rsquo;an 774, selon le cosmologiste Adrian Melott, de l&rsquo;Universit\u00e9 de Lawrence (Kansas &#8211; Etats-Unis), et Brian Thomas, astrophysicien \u00e0 l&rsquo;Universit\u00e9 Washburn de Topeka (Kansas &#8211; Etats-Unis). <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">A l&rsquo;\u00e9poque, l&rsquo;\u00e9v\u00e8nement n&rsquo;a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 catastrophique, vu l&rsquo;absence de technologies, \u00ab\u00a0mais dans notre cas, les victimes se compteraient par centaines de millions et l&rsquo;Humanit\u00e9 ferait un bond en arri\u00e8re de 150 ans&#8230;\u00a0\u00bb souligne Adrian Melott. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Heureusement, nous avons des moyens d&rsquo;att\u00e9nuer les effets d&rsquo;une temp\u00eate solaire majeure gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 des protections int\u00e9gr\u00e9es et des mises hors tension automatiques des r\u00e9seaux.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"1834\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/comment-se-preparer-pour-la-prochaine-grosse-tempete-solaire\/_spaw_images_sol11\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/.._spaw_images_sol11.jpg?fit=990%2C570&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"990,570\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\".._spaw_images_sol11\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/.._spaw_images_sol11.jpg?fit=800%2C461&amp;ssl=1\" class=\" size-full wp-image-1834\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/.._spaw_images_sol11.jpg?w=450\" border=\"0\"  style=\"border: 0px;\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/.._spaw_images_sol11.jpg?w=990&amp;ssl=1 990w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/.._spaw_images_sol11.jpg?resize=300%2C173&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 990px) 100vw, 990px\" \/><br \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Anticiper et suivre les temp\u00eates solaires <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Alors que les d\u00e9cideurs se r\u00e9unissaient pour prendre conscience des risques, non loin de l\u00e0, les chercheurs de la NASA tentent activement de les circonscrire : \u00ab\u00a0Nous sommes d\u00e9sormais capables de suivre la trajectoire des temp\u00eates solaires et leur progression vers la Terre en 3D,\u00a0\u00bb rapporte Michael Hesse, intervenant au forum et directeur du GSFC Space Weather Lab. \u00ab\u00a0C&rsquo;est l&rsquo;amorce d&rsquo;un syst\u00e8me op\u00e9rationnel d&rsquo;alerte aux catastrophes climatiques provenant de l&rsquo;espace en vue de la protection des r\u00e9seaux \u00e9lectriques et des infrastructures de haute technologie en cas d&rsquo;activit\u00e9 solaire intense.\u00a0\u00bb <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Le mod\u00e8le est r\u00e9alis\u00e9 \u00e0 partir de donn\u00e9es collect\u00e9es par une flotte de satellites de la NASA en orbite autour de la Terre. Les analystes du laboratoire alimentent une base de donn\u00e9es stock\u00e9e dans des super ordinateurs qui traitent les donn\u00e9es. Quelques heures apr\u00e8s une \u00e9ruption majeure, les ordinateurs produisent un film en 3D montrant la trajectoire de la temp\u00eate, quels plan\u00e8tes et satellites seront touch\u00e9s et quand. Ce type de \u00ab\u00a0pr\u00e9visions interplan\u00e9taires\u00a0\u00bb est sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent dans la courte histoire de la climatologie spatiale. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">\u00ab\u00a0Nous vivons une \u00e9poque privil\u00e9gi\u00e9e de la climatologie de l&rsquo;espace,\u00a0\u00bb note Antti Pulkkinen, chercheur au laboratoire climatologique de l&rsquo;Espace Space Weather Lab. \u00ab\u00a0Le d\u00e9veloppement r\u00e9cent de mod\u00e8les scientifiques bas\u00e9s sur la physique nous permet d&rsquo;anticiper ces cataclysmes.\u00a0\u00bb<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"1835\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/comment-se-preparer-pour-la-prochaine-grosse-tempete-solaire\/_spaw_images_sol02\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/.._spaw_images_sol02.jpg?fit=990%2C605&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"990,605\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\".._spaw_images_sol02\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/.._spaw_images_sol02.jpg?fit=800%2C489&amp;ssl=1\" class=\" size-full wp-image-1835\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/.._spaw_images_sol02.jpg?w=450\" border=\"0\"  style=\"border: 0px;\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/.._spaw_images_sol02.jpg?w=990&amp;ssl=1 990w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/.._spaw_images_sol02.jpg?resize=300%2C183&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 990px) 100vw, 990px\" \/><br \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Certains de nos mod\u00e8les informatiques sont tellement pointus qu&rsquo;ils peuvent anticiper la p\u00e9n\u00e9tration dans le sol terrestre de courants \u00e9lectriques g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s par une \u00e9ruption solaire. L&rsquo;enjeu est de taille pour les transformateurs \u00e9lectriques et le projet exp\u00e9rimental \u00ab\u00a0Solar Shield\u00a0\u00bb dirig\u00e9 par le Dr Pulkkinen a pour mission d&rsquo;identifier les transformateurs les plus menac\u00e9s par chaque \u00e9ruption solaire. \u00ab\u00a0Il suffit de d\u00e9connecter pendant quelques heures tel ou tel transformateur \u00e0 haut risque pour pr\u00e9venir des pannes qui peuvent durer plusieurs semaines et plonger dans le noir un continent entier,\u00a0\u00bb souligne le Dr Pulkkinen.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Le Dr Allen s&rsquo;est aussi prononc\u00e9 pour un nouveau type de bulletin m\u00e9t\u00e9o : \u00ab\u00a0Les messages du type &lsquo;RAS&rsquo;. Outre une information sur les p\u00e9riodes pendant lesquelles il faudrait s&rsquo;abstenir de sortir, on aimerait conna\u00eetre celles qui sont sans danger. Il s&rsquo;agit de nouvelles perspectives pour les climatologues de l&rsquo;espace : pr\u00e9voir non seulement les p\u00e9riodes \u00e0 haut risque d&rsquo;\u00e9ruption d&rsquo;une t\u00e2che noire mais aussi les p\u00e9riodes sans risque.\u00a0\u00bb<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"1836\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/comment-se-preparer-pour-la-prochaine-grosse-tempete-solaire\/_spaw_images_sol07\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/.._spaw_images_sol07.jpg?fit=990%2C662&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"990,662\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\".._spaw_images_sol07\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/.._spaw_images_sol07.jpg?fit=800%2C535&amp;ssl=1\" class=\" size-full wp-image-1836\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/.._spaw_images_sol07.jpg?w=450\" border=\"0\"  style=\"border: 0px;\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/.._spaw_images_sol07.jpg?w=990&amp;ssl=1 990w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/.._spaw_images_sol07.jpg?resize=300%2C201&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 990px) 100vw, 990px\" \/><br \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Notes <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><strong>Le cycle solaire de 1859 (le cycle solaire 10) \u00e9tait un cycle faible, typique des cycles solaires du 19\u00e8me si\u00e8cle. Ces cycles \u00e9taient largement inf\u00e9rieurs \u00e0 la moyenne des cycles solaires de l&rsquo;\u00e8re spatiale, qui \u00e9taient des cycles intenses. Le cycle solaire 24, celui que nous traversons actuellement, pr\u00e9sente un nombre de t\u00e2ches noires en r\u00e9gression, proche de celui du cycle 10.<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">source :\u00a0http:\/\/www.notre-planete.info\/<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"bawpvc-ajax-counter\" data-id=\"1837\">(886)<\/p>\n<!--CusAds0-->\n<div style=\"font-size: 0px; height: 0px; line-height: 0px; margin: 0; padding: 0; clear: both;\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\" alignleft size-full wp-image-1831\" src=\"http:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/.._spaw_images_soleil-2010.jpg\" border=\"0\" width=\"120\" style=\"border: 0px; float: left;\" \/>L&rsquo;une des plus grosses temp\u00eates solaires jamais observ\u00e9es depuis des si\u00e8cles a frapp\u00e9 la Terre en septembre 1859, \u00e0 la veille d&rsquo;un cycle solaire d&rsquo;intensit\u00e9 inf\u00e9rieure \u00e0 la moyenne. La destruction solaire associ\u00e9e est tellement atypique que les chercheurs ne savent toujours pas comme la classer. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">L&rsquo;explosion aspergea la Terre d&rsquo;un d\u00e9luge de protons in\u00e9dit depuis un demi-mill\u00e9naire, accompagn\u00e9e de courants \u00e9lectriques qui incendi\u00e8rent les t\u00e9l\u00e9graphes et envahirent le ciel de Cuba et d&rsquo;Hawaii d&rsquo;aurores bor\u00e9ales.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><br \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1831,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[24],"tags":[2004,119,2022,2021,37,1774],"class_list":["post-1837","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-soleil","tag-ciel","tag-nasa","tag-orage-magnetique","tag-projections","tag-soleil","tag-tempete-solaire","wpcat-24-id"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/.._spaw_images_soleil-2010.jpg?fit=200%2C230&ssl=1","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p631RN-tD","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":2186,"url":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/levenement-de-carrington-de-1859\/","url_meta":{"origin":1837,"position":0},"title":"L&rsquo;\u00e9v\u00e9nement de Carrington de 1859","author":"Admin","date":"14 septembre 2014","format":false,"excerpt":"L'\u00e9ruption solaire de 1859 est une s\u00e9rie d'\u00e9ruptions solaires ayant eu lieu \u00e0 la fin de l'\u00e9t\u00e9 1859 et ayant notablement affect\u00e9 la Terre. Elle a notamment produit de tr\u00e8s nombreuses aurores polaires visibles jusque dans certaines r\u00e9gions tropicales et a fortement perturb\u00e9 les t\u00e9l\u00e9communications par t\u00e9l\u00e9graphe \u00e9lectrique. Elle est\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Soleil&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Soleil","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/sujets\/soleil\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":26259,"url":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/levenement-de-carrington-la-tempete-solaire-de-1859-a-ete-sous-estimee\/","url_meta":{"origin":1837,"position":1},"title":"L\u2019\u00e9v\u00e8nement de Carrington, la temp\u00eate solaire de 1859 a \u00e9t\u00e9 sous estim\u00e9e","author":"Admin","date":"30 septembre 2024","format":false,"excerpt":"L\u2019analyse d\u2019enregistrements magn\u00e9tiques a montr\u00e9 que l\u2019ampleur de l\u2019\u00e9v\u00e8nement de Carrington, plus grande temp\u00eate solaire jamais enregistr\u00e9e, avait \u00e9t\u00e9 historiquement sous-estim\u00e9e. L\u2019\u00e9v\u00e8nement de Carrington En 1859, la Terre a \u00e9t\u00e9 frapp\u00e9e par la plus violente temp\u00eate solaire de l\u2019histoire moderne. Caract\u00e9ris\u00e9 par des aurores visibles presque jusqu\u2019\u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9quateur, ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Soleil&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Soleil","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/sujets\/soleil\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Carrington-Event-monster-solar-storm.jpg?fit=1024%2C724&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Carrington-Event-monster-solar-storm.jpg?fit=1024%2C724&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Carrington-Event-monster-solar-storm.jpg?fit=1024%2C724&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Carrington-Event-monster-solar-storm.jpg?fit=1024%2C724&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":22423,"url":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/que-sont-les-eruptions-solaires-quels-sont-les-impacts-possibles-sur-notre-terre-cme-en-cours\/","url_meta":{"origin":1837,"position":2},"title":"Que sont les \u00e9ruptions solaires, quels sont les impacts possibles sur notre Terre ? CME en cours&#8230;","author":"Admin","date":"21 avril 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"Une \u00e9ruption solaire est une explosion g\u00e9ante a la surface du Soleil, qui survient quand des lignes de champ magn\u00e9tique des taches solaires s\u2019emm\u00ealent et explosent. Une \u00e9ruption solaire est d\u00e9finie comme une variation intense, soudaine et rapide, de luminosit\u00e9. L\u2019\u00e9ruption solaire survient quand l\u2019\u00e9nergie magn\u00e9tique qui s\u2019est d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e dans\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Soleil&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Soleil","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/sujets\/soleil\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/soleil-cme.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/soleil-cme.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/soleil-cme.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/soleil-cme.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/soleil-cme.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":21370,"url":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/un-avertissement-de-lhistoire-levenement-solaire-de-carrington-en-1859-netait-pas-unique\/","url_meta":{"origin":1837,"position":3},"title":"Un avertissement de l&rsquo;histoire : l&rsquo;\u00e9v\u00e9nement solaire de Carrington en 1859 n&rsquo;\u00e9tait pas unique","author":"Admin","date":"20 septembre 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"Le 1er septembre 1859, la temp\u00eate solaire la plus puissante de l'histoire moderne \u00e9tait enregistr\u00e9e et a balay\u00e9 notre plan\u00e8te.\u00a0C'\u00e9tait \u00abl'\u00e9v\u00e9nement Carrington\u00bb, du nom du scientifique britannique Richard Carrington, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 t\u00e9moin de la temp\u00eate solaire qui l'a d\u00e9clench\u00e9.\u00a0La temp\u00eate a secou\u00e9 le champ magn\u00e9tique de la Terre, a\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Soleil&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Soleil","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/sujets\/soleil\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/soleil-cme.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/soleil-cme.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/soleil-cme.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/soleil-cme.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/soleil-cme.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":16729,"url":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/que-se-passerait-il-si-une-tempete-solaire-annihilait-la-technologie-que-nous-connaissons\/","url_meta":{"origin":1837,"position":4},"title":"Que se passerait-il si une temp\u00eate solaire annihilait la technologie que nous connaissons ?","author":"Admin","date":"25 juin 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"C'est une ironie tout \u00e0 fait \u00e9trange et tr\u00e8s chanceuse que la pire temp\u00eate solaire de l'histoire ait eu lieu \u00e0 une \u00e9poque o\u00f9 la civilisation humaine n'\u00e9tait pas encore vuln\u00e9rable de la furie g\u00e9omagn\u00e9tique du Soleil. L'\u00e9v\u00e9nement de Carrington - temp\u00eate solaire de 1859 - a vu une \u00e9norme\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Soleil&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Soleil","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/sujets\/soleil\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/tempete-solaire.jpg?fit=1024%2C415&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/tempete-solaire.jpg?fit=1024%2C415&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/tempete-solaire.jpg?fit=1024%2C415&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/tempete-solaire.jpg?fit=1024%2C415&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":20424,"url":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/vers-la-plus-grande-tempete-solaire-dans-le-futur\/","url_meta":{"origin":1837,"position":5},"title":"Vers la plus grande temp\u00eate solaire dans le futur ?","author":"Admin","date":"13 f\u00e9vrier 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"Si le cycle solaire actuel produisait une \u00e9ruption aussi forte que l'\u00e9v\u00e9nement de Carrington en 1859, elle pourrait avoir des cons\u00e9quences s'\u00e9levant \u00e0 des trilliards d'euros et pourrait provoquer des pannes d'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 longues de plusieurs ann\u00e9es. Le 14 f\u00e9vrier 2011 a eu lieu la plus grande \u00e9ruption solaire observ\u00e9e en\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Soleil&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Soleil","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/sujets\/soleil\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/soleil.jpg?fit=1000%2C541&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/soleil.jpg?fit=1000%2C541&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/soleil.jpg?fit=1000%2C541&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/soleil.jpg?fit=1000%2C541&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1837","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1837"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1837\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1831"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1837"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1837"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1837"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}