{"id":17447,"date":"2018-12-31T07:00:57","date_gmt":"2018-12-31T06:00:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/?p=17447"},"modified":"2018-12-31T07:30:50","modified_gmt":"2018-12-31T06:30:50","slug":"des-elephants-naissent-sans-defenses","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/des-elephants-naissent-sans-defenses\/","title":{"rendered":"Des \u00e9l\u00e9phants naissent sans d\u00e9fenses"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"1665f18d14f35dd9e7566e1a8ac9a3e9\" data-index=\"1\" style=\"float: none; margin:10px 0 10px 0; text-align:center;\">\n<script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\"\r\n     data-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-2860849627502538\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"3019501113\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Les \u00e9l\u00e9phants sont tellement massacr\u00e9s pour leur ivoire qu\u2019ils naissent d\u00e9sormais sans d\u00e9fenses. De r\u00e9centes analyses men\u00e9es dans l\u2019un des parcs nationaux du Mozambique ont d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que la part d\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9phants naissant sans d\u00e9fenses avait augment\u00e9 significativement ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es. Selon les biologistes, il s\u2019agirait d\u2019une cons\u00e9quence directe de la hausse du braconnage. Explications.<\/p>\n<p>UNE CONS\u00c9QUENCE DIRECTE DU BRACONNAGE EN AFRIQUE<br \/>\nPrincipales victimes animales de la guerre civile qui secoua le pays de 1976 \u00e0 1992, les \u00e9l\u00e9phants du Mozambique \u00e9taient chass\u00e9s pour leur d\u00e9fenses d\u2019ivoire, revendues \u00e0 prix d\u2019or, et leur chair, utilis\u00e9e pour nourrir les combattants. \u00c0 la fin du conflit, 49 % des pachydermes survivants \u00e9voluant dans le Parc national de Gorongosa \u00e9taient n\u00e9s sans d\u00e9fenses, une particularit\u00e9 physique qui leur avait permis d\u2019\u00e9chapper aux mutilations. \u00c0 l\u2019heure actuelle, les biologistes estiment que plus de 32 % des femelles de Gorongosa naissent sans cet attribut, contre 2 \u00e0 4 % avant le d\u00e9but de la guerre civile.<\/p>\n<p>Comme l\u2019a pr\u00e9cis\u00e9 la biologiste Joyce Poole : \u00ab Les d\u00e9fenses d\u2019un \u00e9l\u00e9phant m\u00e2le sont plus grosses et plus lourdes que celles d\u2019une femelle du m\u00eame \u00e2ge. Mais une fois que la population a subi une forte pression de braconnage, les braconniers ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 se concentrer \u00e9galement sur les femelles plus \u00e2g\u00e9es. Avec le temps et la population qui prend de l\u2019\u00e2ge, nous commen\u00e7ons \u00e0 voir cette proportion tr\u00e8s \u00e9lev\u00e9e de femelles sans d\u00e9fenses \u00bb. Un triste ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne se produisant \u00e9galement dans d\u2019autres r\u00e9gions du continent africain ayant connu d\u2019importants \u00e9pisodes de braconnage.<\/p><div class=\"1665f18d14f35dd9e7566e1a8ac9a3e9\" data-index=\"2\" style=\"float: none; margin:10px 0 10px 0; text-align:center;\">\n<script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\"\r\n     data-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-2860849627502538\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"3019501113\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n\n<p>UN MOYEN DE D\u00c9FENSE \u00ab BIOLOGIQUE \u00bb POUR LES \u00c9L\u00c9PHANTS<br \/>\nEn 2015, une \u00e9tude r\u00e9alis\u00e9e au Kenya avait montr\u00e9 que le braconnage affectait \u00e9galement la taille moyenne des d\u00e9fenses des pachydermes. Ainsi, les animaux ayant surv\u00e9cu \u00e0 la vague de chasse ayant s\u00e9vi dans le pays \u00e0 la fin des ann\u00e9es 1970 poss\u00e9daient des d\u00e9fenses plus courtes, une particularit\u00e9 physique que l\u2019on retrouvait \u00e9galement chez leur prog\u00e9niture n\u00e9e apr\u00e8s 1995. Pour Patrick Chiyo, auteur principal de l\u2019\u00e9tude : \u00ab Bien que nos preuves du r\u00f4le de la g\u00e9n\u00e9tique sur la taille des d\u00e9fenses soient indirectes, d\u2019autres recherches ont montr\u00e9 que la taille des incisives \u2013 homologue aux d\u00e9fenses des \u00e9l\u00e9phants \u2013 \u00e9tait h\u00e9r\u00e9ditaire chez certaines esp\u00e8ces et avait une influence g\u00e9n\u00e9tique substantielle \u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>Reste d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 quantifier l\u2019impact exact de cette absence de d\u00e9fenses sur la sant\u00e9 et le comportement des \u00e9l\u00e9phants (celles-ci leur permettant notamment de creuser le sol pour s\u2019abreuver et de se d\u00e9fendre face \u00e0 des rivaux). Pour certains biologistes, ces changements de comportement \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle pourraient entra\u00eener des modifications de la r\u00e9partition des \u00e9l\u00e9phants en Afrique, qui auraient une incidence n\u00e9faste sur le reste de l\u2019\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me. Les chercheurs esp\u00e8rent toutefois que la r\u00e9cente interdiction du commerce de d\u00e9fenses d\u2019ivoire en Chine et aux \u00c9tats-Unis limitera le braconnage et permettra l\u2019augmentation des populations d\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9phants avec d\u00e9fenses dans les ann\u00e9es \u00e0 venir.<\/p>\n<p>source : <a href=\"https:\/\/dailygeekshow.com\/elephants-defenses-afrique-mozambique-braconnage\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/dailygeekshow.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"bawpvc-ajax-counter\" data-id=\"17447\">(840)<\/p>\n<!--CusAds0-->\n<div style=\"font-size: 0px; height: 0px; line-height: 0px; margin: 0; padding: 0; clear: both;\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Les \u00e9l\u00e9phants sont tellement massacr\u00e9s pour leur ivoire qu\u2019ils naissent d\u00e9sormais sans d\u00e9fenses. De r\u00e9centes analyses men\u00e9es dans l\u2019un des&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":17448,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"Des \u00e9l\u00e9phants naissent sans d\u00e9fenses @laterredufutur","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[31],"tags":[6766,6861,6862,6860,3481],"class_list":["post-17447","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-divers","tag-braconnage","tag-defense","tag-defense-biologique","tag-elephants","tag-kenya","wpcat-31-id"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/elephant-sans-defense.jpg?fit=1190%2C793&ssl=1","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p631RN-4xp","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":17617,"url":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/en-etudiant-de-livoire-delephant-des-chercheurs-decouvrent-de-ladn-de-mammouth\/","url_meta":{"origin":17447,"position":0},"title":"En \u00e9tudiant de l&rsquo;ivoire d&rsquo;\u00e9l\u00e9phant, des chercheurs d\u00e9couvrent&#8230; de l&rsquo;ADN de mammouth","author":"Admin","date":"5 f\u00e9vrier 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"En \u00e9tudiant l\u2019ADN issu de pr\u00e9tendues d\u00e9fenses d\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9phants, des chercheurs \u00e9cossais ont eu la surprise d\u2019y d\u00e9celer des fragments attribu\u00e9s au mammouth. Une d\u00e9couverte fortuite qui met en lumi\u00e8re l\u2019action de ces sp\u00e9cialistes en g\u00e9n\u00e9tique de la conservation : prot\u00e9ger les \u00e9l\u00e9phants, ainsi que d\u2019autres groupes d\u2019animaux menac\u00e9s au Cambodge\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Arch\u00e9ologie&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Arch\u00e9ologie","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/sujets\/archeologie\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/taille_mammouth-elephant.jpg?fit=542%2C226&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/taille_mammouth-elephant.jpg?fit=542%2C226&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/taille_mammouth-elephant.jpg?fit=542%2C226&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":13509,"url":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/une-grande-preuve-dintelligence-les-elephants-parviennent-a-eviter-les-braconniers\/","url_meta":{"origin":17447,"position":1},"title":"Une grande preuve d\u2019intelligence : les \u00e9l\u00e9phants parviennent \u00e0 \u00e9viter les braconniers","author":"Admin","date":"11 octobre 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"Victimes du braconnage depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, les \u00e9l\u00e9phants n\u2019ont longtemps compt\u00e9 que sur l\u2019aide de l\u2019homme pour se prot\u00e9ger de cette menace. Cependant en Afrique, les animaux arrivent d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 lutter contre ce fl\u00e9au en changeant simplement leurs habitudes et en se rapprochant des hommes. Une nouvelle preuve de\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Divers&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Divers","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/sujets\/divers\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/elephant-afrique.jpg?fit=707%2C470&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/elephant-afrique.jpg?fit=707%2C470&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/elephant-afrique.jpg?fit=707%2C470&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/elephant-afrique.jpg?fit=707%2C470&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":16969,"url":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/les-elephants-dafrique-sont-actuellement-massacres-a-une-vitesse-sans-precedent\/","url_meta":{"origin":17447,"position":2},"title":"Les \u00e9l\u00e9phants d\u2019Afrique sont actuellement massacr\u00e9s \u00e0 une vitesse sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent","author":"Admin","date":"15 septembre 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"C\u2019est une nouvelle terrible. Ces derni\u00e8res semaines, le Bostwana, pays situ\u00e9 dans le sud de l\u2019Afrique abritant de nombreuses r\u00e9serves naturelles, a enregistr\u00e9 la mort de pr\u00e8s de 90 \u00e9l\u00e9phants. Il s\u2019agit sans aucun doute du plus grand massacre d\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9phants dans l\u2019histoire du continent. UN MASSACRE SANS PR\u00c9C\u00c9DENT Il y\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Divers&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Divers","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/sujets\/divers\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/cadavre-elephant-braconnage-bostwana.jpg?fit=730%2C535&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/cadavre-elephant-braconnage-bostwana.jpg?fit=730%2C535&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/cadavre-elephant-braconnage-bostwana.jpg?fit=730%2C535&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/cadavre-elephant-braconnage-bostwana.jpg?fit=730%2C535&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":22944,"url":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/il-se-promenait-il-y-a-17000-ans-en-amerique-du-nord\/","url_meta":{"origin":17447,"position":3},"title":"Il se promenait il y a 17000 ans en Am\u00e9rique du Nord","author":"Admin","date":"18 ao\u00fbt 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"Les d\u00e9fenses d'un mammouth laineux r\u00e9v\u00e8lent une carte des endroits o\u00f9 il se trouvait dans sa vie. La technique utilis\u00e9e pour reconstituer le voyage de 28 ans de l'animal \u00e0 travers l'Alaska pr\u00e9historique pourrait r\u00e9soudre les myst\u00e8res de la disparition de ces mammif\u00e8res ressemblant \u00e0 des \u00e9l\u00e9phants. Il y a\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Arch\u00e9ologie&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Arch\u00e9ologie","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/sujets\/archeologie\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/mammouth-alaska.jpg?fit=1200%2C1014&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/mammouth-alaska.jpg?fit=1200%2C1014&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/mammouth-alaska.jpg?fit=1200%2C1014&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/mammouth-alaska.jpg?fit=1200%2C1014&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/mammouth-alaska.jpg?fit=1200%2C1014&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":6194,"url":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/un-monde-ressuscite\/","url_meta":{"origin":17447,"position":4},"title":"Un Monde ressuscit\u00e9","author":"Admin","date":"28 avril 2015","format":false,"excerpt":"Nous venons de franchir un pas historique. Verrons-nous bient\u00f4t ressusciter les mammouths laineux, avec leurs d\u00e9fenses impressionnantes et leur pelage \u00e9pais\u2009? Esp\u00e8ce disparue depuis 4 000 ans, son ADN a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9cemment reconstitu\u00e9. Seulement 80 % de son g\u00e9nome avaient pu \u00eatre retrouv\u00e9s par des scientifiques en 2008. Une \u00e9tude,\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Arch\u00e9ologie&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Arch\u00e9ologie","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/sujets\/archeologie\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/mammouth.jpeg?fit=1200%2C900&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/mammouth.jpeg?fit=1200%2C900&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/mammouth.jpeg?fit=1200%2C900&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/mammouth.jpeg?fit=1200%2C900&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/mammouth.jpeg?fit=1200%2C900&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":25019,"url":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/un-monde-sans-cancer-28-les-baleines-boreales-pourraient-savoir-reparer-leur-adn-contre-le-cancer\/","url_meta":{"origin":17447,"position":5},"title":"Un monde sans cancer 28 : Les baleines bor\u00e9ales pourraient savoir r\u00e9parer leur ADN contre le cancer","author":"Admin","date":"14 juin 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"Cette capacit\u00e9 pourrait permettre aux mammif\u00e8res marins de vivre plus de 200 ans. Pr\u00e8s de la pointe nord de l'Alaska, aux abords de l'oc\u00e9an Arctique, les baleines bor\u00e9ales ont donn\u00e9 aux scientifiques un aper\u00e7u de leur long\u00e9vit\u00e9. Ces gigantesques mammif\u00e8res marins peuvent vivre plus de 200 ans, et des \u00e9chantillons\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Monde Futur&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Monde Futur","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/sujets\/monde-futur\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/baleine-moderne.jpg?fit=927%2C757&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/baleine-moderne.jpg?fit=927%2C757&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/baleine-moderne.jpg?fit=927%2C757&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/baleine-moderne.jpg?fit=927%2C757&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17447","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17447"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17447\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17449,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17447\/revisions\/17449"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/17448"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17447"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17447"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17447"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}