{"id":16974,"date":"2018-09-17T20:00:26","date_gmt":"2018-09-17T18:00:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/?p=16974"},"modified":"2018-09-11T12:19:11","modified_gmt":"2018-09-11T10:19:11","slug":"les-eoliennes-et-les-centrales-photovoltaiques-pourraient-faire-pleuvoir-dans-le-desert","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/les-eoliennes-et-les-centrales-photovoltaiques-pourraient-faire-pleuvoir-dans-le-desert\/","title":{"rendered":"Les \u00e9oliennes et les centrales photovolta\u00efques pourraient faire pleuvoir dans le d\u00e9sert"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"1665f18d14f35dd9e7566e1a8ac9a3e9\" data-index=\"1\" style=\"float: none; margin:10px 0 10px 0; text-align:center;\">\n<script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\"\r\n     data-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-2860849627502538\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"3019501113\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>L&rsquo;installation de millions d&rsquo;\u00e9oliennes et de panneaux solaires sur un cinqui\u00e8me du Sahara conduirait \u00e0 doubler les quantit\u00e9s de pr\u00e9cipitations dans la r\u00e9gion, estime une \u00e9tude th\u00e9orique parue dans la revue Science.<\/p>\n<p>L&rsquo;exercice est th\u00e9orique mais le r\u00e9sultat marquant: des chercheurs ont calcul\u00e9 que l&rsquo;installation d&rsquo;immenses centrales d&rsquo;\u00e9nergies \u00e9olienne et solaire sur une partie du d\u00e9sert du Sahara pourrait augmenter les pr\u00e9cipitations locales &#8211; tout en produisant de l&rsquo;\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 pour toute la plan\u00e8te. Leur \u00e9tude, publi\u00e9e jeudi dans la revue scientifique Science , estime que l&rsquo;installation de trois millions d&rsquo;\u00e9oliennes, ainsi que de panneaux solaires sur 20% de la surface du d\u00e9sert, soit neuf millions de kilom\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s, permettrait \u00abd&rsquo;alimenter le monde entier en \u00e9lectricit\u00e9\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>Et parce que les \u00e9oliennes et panneaux solaires changeraient la temp\u00e9rature au sol et modifieraient les flux d&rsquo;air, les auteurs de l&rsquo;\u00e9tude estiment qu&rsquo;il pleuvrait davantage dans le Sahara, les pr\u00e9cipitations passant de 0,24 \u00e0 0,59 mm par jour. Un effet qui serait plus marqu\u00e9 dans la r\u00e9gion semi-aride du Sahel.<\/p>\n<p>Cela suffirait \u00abpour avoir un impact \u00e9cologique, environnemental et soci\u00e9tal important\u00bb, selon ces travaux. \u00abLa grande majorit\u00e9 du Sahara resterait extr\u00eamement s\u00e8che\u00bb, souligne Daniel Kirk-Davidoff, professeur \u00e0 l&rsquo;universit\u00e9 du Maryland. Mais une hausse de la pluie sur le pourtour sud du Sahara ferait pousser davantage de plantes, ce qui permettrait ensuite \u00e0 davantage d&rsquo;animaux de se nourrir, dit-il \u00e0 l&rsquo;AFP.<\/p><div class=\"1665f18d14f35dd9e7566e1a8ac9a3e9\" data-index=\"2\" style=\"float: none; margin:10px 0 10px 0; text-align:center;\">\n<script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\"\r\n     data-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-2860849627502538\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"3019501113\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n\n<p>Augmentation de la temp\u00e9rature au sol<br \/>\nLes chercheurs expliquent que les \u00e9oliennes font descendre l&rsquo;air chaud et peuvent ainsi augmenter la temp\u00e9rature au sol la nuit. Les \u00e9oliennes, par leur structure physique, r\u00e9duisent aussi la vitesse des vents. Tout cela modifie les interactions complexes entre la terre et l&rsquo;air, ce qui augmente les pr\u00e9cipitations&#8230; et donc la v\u00e9g\u00e9tation. L&rsquo;effet est similaire avec les panneaux solaires. Parce qu&rsquo;ils sont plus sombres que le sable, moins d&rsquo;\u00e9nergie solaire est r\u00e9fl\u00e9chie vers le ciel, ce qui augmente la temp\u00e9rature au sol. L\u00e0 encore, cela a un effet local sur les pr\u00e9cipitations, et donc la v\u00e9g\u00e9tation.<\/p>\n<p>Des \u00e9tudes avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 montr\u00e9 que les centrales solaires et \u00e9oliennes pouvaient avoir un effet sur le climat au niveau continental. Mais cette \u00e9tude est la premi\u00e8re \u00e0 mod\u00e9liser l&rsquo;impact sur la v\u00e9g\u00e9tation, explique Yan Li, charg\u00e9 de recherche \u00e0 l&rsquo;universit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;Illinois. Cet impact est limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la r\u00e9gion couverte par les centrales, contrairement aux centrales utilisant des \u00e9nergies fossiles, qui rejettent des gaz \u00e0 effet de serre dans l&rsquo;atmosph\u00e8re ce qui contribue au r\u00e9chauffement de la plan\u00e8te enti\u00e8re.<\/p>\n<p>source : <a href=\"http:\/\/www.lefigaro.fr\/sciences\/2018\/09\/10\/01008-20180910ARTFIG00217-les-eoliennes-et-les-centrales-photovoltaiques-pourraient-faire-pleuvoir-dans-le-desert.php#xtor=AL-201\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.lefigaro.fr\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"bawpvc-ajax-counter\" data-id=\"16974\">(423)<\/p>\n<!--CusAds0-->\n<div style=\"font-size: 0px; height: 0px; line-height: 0px; margin: 0; padding: 0; clear: both;\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>L&rsquo;installation de millions d&rsquo;\u00e9oliennes et de panneaux solaires sur un cinqui\u00e8me du Sahara conduirait \u00e0 doubler les quantit\u00e9s de pr\u00e9cipitations&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":16975,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"Les \u00e9oliennes et les centrales photovolta\u00efques pourraient faire pleuvoir dans le d\u00e9sert @laterredufutur","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[26],"tags":[196,332,139,1082,62],"class_list":["post-16974","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-solutions","tag-afrique","tag-desert","tag-eolienne","tag-humidite","tag-pluie","wpcat-26-id"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/eolienne_senegal.jpg?fit=642%2C336&ssl=1","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p631RN-4pM","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":14912,"url":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/cette-ile-artificielle-pourrait-fournir-de-lelectricite-a-80-millions-deuropeens\/","url_meta":{"origin":16974,"position":0},"title":"Cette \u00eele artificielle pourrait fournir de l&rsquo;\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 \u00e0 80 millions d&rsquo;Europ\u00e9ens","author":"Admin","date":"24 mars 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"Une nouvelle \u00eele de 6,5 km\u00b2 pourrait voir le jour en mer du Nord d'ici 2050. \u00c9quip\u00e9e de turbines, de panneaux solaires et entour\u00e9e d'\u00e9oliennes, cette immense centrale offshore serait en mesure de fournir de l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 \u00e0 1 Europ\u00e9en sur 6. Voil\u00e0 peut-\u00eatre l'avenir des centrales \u00e9lectriques. Imaginez une \u00eele\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Solutions&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Solutions","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/sujets\/solutions\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/ile-energie-mer-du-nord.png?fit=1000%2C562&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/ile-energie-mer-du-nord.png?fit=1000%2C562&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/ile-energie-mer-du-nord.png?fit=1000%2C562&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/ile-energie-mer-du-nord.png?fit=1000%2C562&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":7352,"url":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/les-plus-anciennes-traces-de-la-mousson-asiatique-remontent-a-40-millions-dannees\/","url_meta":{"origin":16974,"position":1},"title":"Les plus anciennes traces de la mousson asiatique remontent \u00e0 40 millions d\u2019ann\u00e9es !","author":"Admin","date":"30 juin 2015","format":false,"excerpt":"La mousson est un ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne climatique tr\u00e8s actif aux basses latitudes, caract\u00e9ris\u00e9e\u00a0 par l'inversion saisonni\u00e8re des vents aux marges des continents et par l'apport en \u00e9t\u00e9 d'importantes pr\u00e9cipitations d'origines oc\u00e9aniques. Amplifi\u00e9e par les caract\u00e9ristiques du relief de la cha\u00eene himalayenne et du Plateau Tib\u00e9tain, qui favorisent la mise en place\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Arch\u00e9ologie&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Arch\u00e9ologie","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/sujets\/archeologie\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/himalaya-mousson.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/himalaya-mousson.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/himalaya-mousson.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/himalaya-mousson.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/himalaya-mousson.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":13208,"url":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/en-allemagne-ces-deux-immeubles-vont-produire-leur-energie-et-depolluer-lair\/","url_meta":{"origin":16974,"position":2},"title":"En Allemagne, ces deux immeubles vont produire leur \u00e9nergie et d\u00e9polluer l&rsquo;air","author":"Admin","date":"12 septembre 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"\u00c0 Heidelberg, en Allemagne, le quartier \"le plus propre du monde\" verra sortir de terre ses deux derniers b\u00e2timents en 2017. Panneaux solaires, peinture anti-pollution, v\u00e9g\u00e9talisation et mixit\u00e9 sociale sont les ingr\u00e9dients de ce complexe immobilier in\u00e9dit. Deux fois le Vatican. C\u2019est la surface de l'immense \u00e9coquartier dont la construction\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Solutions&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Solutions","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/sujets\/solutions\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/immeuble-batiment-energie-positive.jpg?fit=750%2C422&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/immeuble-batiment-energie-positive.jpg?fit=750%2C422&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/immeuble-batiment-energie-positive.jpg?fit=750%2C422&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/immeuble-batiment-energie-positive.jpg?fit=750%2C422&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":12391,"url":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/cette-pme-francaise-propose-une-eolienne-en-kit-a-monter-soi-meme\/","url_meta":{"origin":16974,"position":3},"title":"Cette PME fran\u00e7aise propose une \u00e9olienne en kit \u00e0 monter soi-m\u00eame","author":"Admin","date":"5 juin 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"Afin de d\u00e9mocratiser l'\u00e9olien, \u00c9olie a con\u00e7u une petite g\u00e9n\u00e9ratrice en kit destin\u00e9e aux particuliers et professionnels qui veulent produire leur propre \u00e9lectricit\u00e9. Apr\u00e8s les panneaux solaires en kit commercialis\u00e9s par Ikea, place d\u00e9sormais aux \u00e9oliennes \u00e0 monter soi-m\u00eame. Au terme de trois ann\u00e9es de recherche et de d\u00e9veloppement, la\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Solutions&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Solutions","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/sujets\/solutions\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/eolienne-eolie.jpg?fit=940%2C708&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/eolienne-eolie.jpg?fit=940%2C708&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/eolienne-eolie.jpg?fit=940%2C708&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/eolienne-eolie.jpg?fit=940%2C708&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":24633,"url":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/quel-est-le-plus-grand-desert-du-monde\/","url_meta":{"origin":16974,"position":4},"title":"Quel est le plus grand d\u00e9sert du monde ?","author":"Admin","date":"2 janvier 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"Le plus grand d\u00e9sert chaud et le plus grand d\u00e9sert froid du monde sont tout sauf ennuyeux et st\u00e9riles. Des vastes \u00e9tendues de sables br\u00fblants aux immenses calottes glaciaires, les d\u00e9serts peuvent prendre diff\u00e9rentes formes. Mais quels d\u00e9serts chauds et froids sont les plus immenses de la plan\u00e8te ? Et\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Monde Futur&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Monde Futur","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/sujets\/monde-futur\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/antarctique.jpg?fit=1024%2C768&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/antarctique.jpg?fit=1024%2C768&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/antarctique.jpg?fit=1024%2C768&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/antarctique.jpg?fit=1024%2C768&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":14934,"url":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/et-si-le-sahara-etait-la-consequence-dune-agriculture-desastreuse-au-neolithique\/","url_meta":{"origin":16974,"position":5},"title":"Et si le Sahara \u00e9tait la cons\u00e9quence d&rsquo;une agriculture d\u00e9sastreuse au n\u00e9olithique ?","author":"Admin","date":"31 mars 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"Est-ce la s\u00e9dentarisation des humains dans les terres fertiles du d\u00e9sert qui aurait provoqu\u00e9 sa s\u00e9cheresse? C'est la nouvelle th\u00e9orie d'un arch\u00e9ologue. Le d\u00e9sert du Sahara, l'un des plus importants au monde, s'\u00e9tend sur quelque 9 millions de kilom\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s. Difficile d'imaginer que l'homme puisse en \u00eatre en partie \u00e0\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Arch\u00e9ologie&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Arch\u00e9ologie","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/sujets\/archeologie\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/Sahara-desert.jpg?fit=1024%2C415&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/Sahara-desert.jpg?fit=1024%2C415&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/Sahara-desert.jpg?fit=1024%2C415&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/Sahara-desert.jpg?fit=1024%2C415&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16974","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16974"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16974\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16976,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16974\/revisions\/16976"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/16975"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16974"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16974"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16974"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}