{"id":15978,"date":"2017-10-27T20:00:14","date_gmt":"2017-10-27T18:00:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/?p=15978"},"modified":"2017-10-15T15:56:53","modified_gmt":"2017-10-15T13:56:53","slug":"une-photoenzyme-permet-aux-microalgues-de-produire-des-hydrocarbures","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/une-photoenzyme-permet-aux-microalgues-de-produire-des-hydrocarbures\/","title":{"rendered":"Une photoenzyme permet aux microalgues de produire des hydrocarbures"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"1665f18d14f35dd9e7566e1a8ac9a3e9\" data-index=\"1\" style=\"float: none; margin:10px 0 10px 0; text-align:center;\">\n<script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\"\r\n     data-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-2860849627502538\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"3019501113\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Une \u00e9quipe fran\u00e7aise du CNRS a d\u00e9couvert une enzyme qui permet aux microalgues de transformer certains de leurs acides gras en hydrocarbures \u00e0 l\u2019aide de l\u2019\u00e9nergie lumineuse. Cette enzyme, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 baptis\u00e9e FAP (pour Fatty Acid Photodecarboxylase), est d\u2019un type tr\u00e8s rare car seules quatre enzymes utilisant la lumi\u00e8re ont \u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9es jusqu\u2019\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent dans le monde vivant.<\/p>\n<p>Cette d\u00e9couverte, publi\u00e9e dans la prestigieuse revue \u00ab\u00a0Science\u00a0\u00bb, est d\u2019autant plus importante que, dans un contexte de transition \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique, la production d\u2019hydrocarbures, utilisant le CO2 atmosph\u00e9rique et limitant donc le rejet dans l\u2019atmosph\u00e8re de carbone stock\u00e9 dans le sous-sol, est devenue un enjeu majeur.<\/p>\n<p>La chlorelle est une algue verte unicellulaire d&rsquo;eau douce faisant partie des quelques microalgues cultiv\u00e9es industriellement et candidates pour la production de mol\u00e9cules carbon\u00e9es riches en \u00e9nergie. Des chercheurs du CEA, du CNRS, de l\u2019ESRF, de l\u2019Inserm, et des Universit\u00e9s Aix-Marseille, Grenoble Alpes et Paris-Sud ont d\u00e9couvert chez cette microalgue une enzyme qui lui permet de transformer certains de ses acides gras en hydrocarbures \u00e0 l\u2019aide de la seule \u00e9nergie lumineuse. \u00ab C\u2019est une avanc\u00e9e majeure dans l\u2019identification de m\u00e9canismes du vivant permettant la conversion des acides gras des cellules en hydrocarbures et cela ouvre une nouvelle voie en vue de la synth\u00e8se d\u2019hydrocarbures par des micro-organismes \u00e0 une \u00e9chelle industrielle \u00bb, pr\u00e9cisent les auteurs.<\/p><div class=\"1665f18d14f35dd9e7566e1a8ac9a3e9\" data-index=\"2\" style=\"float: none; margin:10px 0 10px 0; text-align:center;\">\n<script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\"\r\n     data-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-2860849627502538\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"3019501113\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n\n<p>L\u2019expression dans la bact\u00e9rie E. coli du g\u00e8ne codant pour la principale de ces enzymes candidates a mis en \u00e9vidence la production d\u2019hydrocarbures, d\u00e9montrant que cette enzyme \u00e9tait n\u00e9cessaire et suffisante pour synth\u00e9tiser des hydrocarbures. La caract\u00e9risation de l\u2019enzyme pure a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 qu\u2019elle \u00e9tait capable de couper un acide gras en une mol\u00e9cule d\u2019hydrocarbure et une mol\u00e9cule de CO2 et que cette activit\u00e9 n\u00e9cessitait de la lumi\u00e8re.<\/p>\n<p>La d\u00e9couverte de cette enzyme baptis\u00e9e FAP (acronyme anglais pour acide gras photo-d\u00e9carboxylase) rev\u00eat un grand int\u00e9r\u00eat d\u2019un point de vue fondamental car \u00e0 ce jour, seulement quatre biocatalyseurs capables d\u2019utiliser l\u2019\u00e9nergie lumineuse (photoenzymes) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9couverts.<\/p>\n<p>La FAP est au moins dix fois plus rapide que la meilleure enzyme de synth\u00e8se d\u2019hydrocarbures connue et utilise la lumi\u00e8re, ce qui pourrait en faire un outil biotechnologique tr\u00e8s efficace pour la synth\u00e8se d\u2019hydrocarbures, soit par conversion in vitro d\u2019huiles, soit par conversion in vivo des acides gras de bact\u00e9ries, levures ou microalgues.<\/p>\n<p>source :&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.rtflash.fr\/photoenzyme-permet-microalgues-produire-hydrocarbures\/article\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.rtflash.fr\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"bawpvc-ajax-counter\" data-id=\"15978\">(328)<\/p>\n<!--CusAds0-->\n<div style=\"font-size: 0px; height: 0px; line-height: 0px; margin: 0; padding: 0; clear: both;\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Une \u00e9quipe fran\u00e7aise du CNRS a d\u00e9couvert une enzyme qui permet aux microalgues de transformer certains de leurs acides gras&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":15979,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"Une photoenzyme permet aux microalgues de produire des hydrocarbures @laterredufutur","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[26],"tags":[6392,659,101,6543,2617,88],"class_list":["post-15978","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-solutions","tag-algue","tag-automobile","tag-energie","tag-enzyme","tag-hydrocarbure","tag-petrole","wpcat-26-id"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/photoenzyme.jpg?fit=249%2C203&ssl=1","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p631RN-49I","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":16894,"url":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/nos-voitures-vont-elles-bientot-rouler-avec-du-carburant-aux-microalgues\/","url_meta":{"origin":15978,"position":0},"title":"Nos voitures vont-elles bient\u00f4t rouler avec du carburant aux microalgues?","author":"Admin","date":"20 ao\u00fbt 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"Des chercheurs marseillais ont d\u00e9couvert en 2017 une enzyme r\u00e9volutionnaire, qui facilite la fabrication de biocarburants \u00e0 base de microalgues\u2026 De nombreux chercheurs planchent sur des biocarburants \u00e0 base de microalgues. Il faudra tout de m\u00eame attendre \u00ab 15 ans, peut-\u00eatre plus \u00bb, avant de voir des v\u00e9hicules rouler aux\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Solutions&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Solutions","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/sujets\/solutions\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/microalgues_carburant.jpg?fit=800%2C533&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/microalgues_carburant.jpg?fit=800%2C533&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/microalgues_carburant.jpg?fit=800%2C533&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/microalgues_carburant.jpg?fit=800%2C533&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":818,"url":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/des-microbes-pour-remplacer-le-petrole\/","url_meta":{"origin":15978,"position":1},"title":"Des microbes pour remplacer le p\u00e9trole","author":"Admin","date":"22 mars 2012","format":false,"excerpt":"Et si les microbes \u00e9taient capable de remplacer le p\u00e9trole par l'\u00e9lectrosynth\u00e8se microbienne ? Les microbes, les bact\u00e9ries et les enzymes pourraient aider l\u2019\u00eatre humain dans sa conqu\u00eate des \u00e9nergies renouvelables. 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A l\u2019Observatoire Oc\u00e9anographique de Villefranche-sur-mer et celui de l\u2019INRIA de Sophia Antipolis, pr\u00e8s de Nice, comme dans cinq autres centres en\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Solutions&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Solutions","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/sujets\/solutions\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/petrole-algues.jpg?fit=405%2C304&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15978","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15978"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15978\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15980,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15978\/revisions\/15980"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/15979"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15978"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15978"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15978"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}