{"id":13893,"date":"2016-11-18T00:00:03","date_gmt":"2016-11-17T23:00:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/?p=13893"},"modified":"2016-11-11T21:02:52","modified_gmt":"2016-11-11T20:02:52","slug":"decouvrez-la-cause-de-lextinction-des-mayas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/decouvrez-la-cause-de-lextinction-des-mayas\/","title":{"rendered":"D\u00e9couvrez la cause de l&rsquo;extinction des Mayas"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"1665f18d14f35dd9e7566e1a8ac9a3e9\" data-index=\"1\" style=\"float: none; margin:10px 0 10px 0; text-align:center;\">\n<script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\"\r\n     data-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-2860849627502538\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"3019501113\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">La civilisation maya est l\u2019une des plus puissantes et ing\u00e9nieuses qui aient v\u00e9cu sur Terre. Cependant, on sait encore bien peu de choses sur leur disparition.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Les premiers sites mayas ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construits au cours du premier mill\u00e9naire avant notre \u00e8re. Cette civilisation, qui v\u00e9cut apr\u00e8s les Olm\u00e8ques et avant les Azt\u00e8ques, atteignit son apog\u00e9e autour de l\u2019an 600 apr\u00e8s J.-C. Ainsi, lors de leurs fouilles, les arch\u00e9ologues ont d\u00e9couvert des milliers d\u2019anciennes cit\u00e9s mayas, dont la plupart sont r\u00e9parties sur la p\u00e9ninsule du Yucatan, au sud du Mexique, m\u00eame s\u2019il est probable qu\u2019un grand nombre de ruines mayas se cachent encore sous l\u2019\u00e9paisse for\u00eat tropicale de la r\u00e9gion.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"13900\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/decouvrez-la-cause-de-lextinction-des-mayas\/temple-maya-7\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/temple-maya-6.jpg?fit=450%2C254&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"450,254\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;HP Scanjet 4800&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"temple-maya\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/temple-maya-6.jpg?fit=450%2C254&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13900 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/temple-maya-6.jpg?resize=450%2C254\" alt=\"temple-maya\" width=\"450\" height=\"254\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/temple-maya-6.jpg?w=450&amp;ssl=1 450w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/temple-maya-6.jpg?resize=300%2C169&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/temple-maya-6.jpg?resize=174%2C98&amp;ssl=1 174w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Autour de 850 apr\u00e8s J.-C., apr\u00e8s des si\u00e8cles de prosp\u00e9rit\u00e9 et de domination, les Mayas ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 abandonner leurs grandes villes, les unes apr\u00e8s les autres. Ainsi, en moins de 200 ans, la population chuta largement, m\u00eame s\u2019il resterait plus tard quelques foyers de r\u00e9surgence. Mais outre sa dimension dramatique, l\u2019effondrement de la civilisation maya a \u00e9galement quelque chose d\u2019intrigant, car en d\u00e9pit de plusieurs d\u00e9cennies d\u2019\u00e9tudes, les arch\u00e9ologues n\u2019ont toujours aucune certitude sur les causes de ce d\u00e9peuplement massif.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"13895\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/decouvrez-la-cause-de-lextinction-des-mayas\/temple-maya-2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/temple-maya-1.jpg?fit=318%2C159&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"318,159\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"temple-maya\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/temple-maya-1.jpg?fit=318%2C159&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13895 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/temple-maya-1.jpg?resize=318%2C159\" alt=\"temple-maya\" width=\"318\" height=\"159\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/temple-maya-1.jpg?w=318&amp;ssl=1 318w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/temple-maya-1.jpg?resize=300%2C150&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 318px) 100vw, 318px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Au d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es 90, les premiers rapports climatiques de l\u2019Am\u00e9rique centrale ont \u00e9t\u00e9 reconstitu\u00e9s, et une th\u00e9orie est devenue particuli\u00e8rement populaire : la civilisation maya aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9cim\u00e9e par une p\u00e9riode de graves changements climatiques.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Au cours des si\u00e8cles pr\u00e9c\u00e9dant l\u2019effondrement des Mayas, cette civilisation connut un essor sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent lorsque les villes prosp\u00e9r\u00e8rent, aid\u00e9es par des r\u00e9coltes abondantes. Mais les donn\u00e9es climatiques obtenues r\u00e9cemment indiquent qu\u2019\u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, l\u2019aire g\u00e9ographique maya b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiait de fortes pr\u00e9cipitations. En revanche, d\u2019apr\u00e8s les m\u00eames informations, la r\u00e9gion fut ravag\u00e9e par 95 ans de s\u00e9cheresse \u00e0 partir de l\u2019an 820. Les chercheurs ont ainsi remarqu\u00e9 que la plupart des principales villes mayas tomb\u00e8rent entre l\u2019an 850 et l\u2019an 925, co\u00efncidant avec la longue p\u00e9riode de s\u00e9cheresse d\u00e9tect\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"13896\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/decouvrez-la-cause-de-lextinction-des-mayas\/temple-maya-3\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/temple-maya-2.jpg?fit=770%2C334&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"770,334\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"temple-maya\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/temple-maya-2.jpg?fit=770%2C334&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13896 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/temple-maya-2.jpg?resize=770%2C334\" alt=\"temple-maya\" width=\"770\" height=\"334\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/temple-maya-2.jpg?w=770&amp;ssl=1 770w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/temple-maya-2.jpg?resize=300%2C130&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/temple-maya-2.jpg?resize=768%2C333&amp;ssl=1 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 770px) 100vw, 770px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Une constatation vient tout de m\u00eame nuancer cette hypoth\u00e8se : le fait que si beaucoup de villes ont d\u00e9clin\u00e9 entre 850 et 925, d\u2019autres cit\u00e9s mayas ont tout de m\u00eame subsist\u00e9. Ainsi, les m\u00e9tropoles qui d\u00e9p\u00e9rirent au cours des s\u00e9cheresses du IXe si\u00e8cle \u00e9taient principalement situ\u00e9es dans la partie sud du territoire maya, qui correspond aujourd\u2019hui au Guatemala et au B\u00e9lize. Dans le nord du Yucatan, en revanche, les villes ne se content\u00e8rent pas de survivre mais commenc\u00e8rent aussi \u00e0 prosp\u00e9rer davantage. Dans cette r\u00e9gion, se d\u00e9velopp\u00e8rent m\u00eame un certain nombre de centres urbains, comme Chich\u00e9n Itz\u00e1. Les scientifiques propos\u00e8rent plusieurs explications \u00e0 cette r\u00e9surgence du nord, qui contraste avec l\u2019effondrement du sud. Et si jusqu\u2019\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, aucune th\u00e9orie n\u2019a vraiment pr\u00e9valu, une nouvelle d\u00e9couverte pourrait permettre d\u2019expliquer ce paradoxe intrigant.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Des \u00e9tudes ant\u00e9rieures avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 d\u00e9termin\u00e9 les \u00e2ges approximatifs des principaux centres urbains de la civilisation maya du nord. On y apprenait notamment que la r\u00e9gion avait endur\u00e9 les s\u00e9cheresses du IXe si\u00e8cle mais jusqu\u2019\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, cette manne de donn\u00e9es n\u2019avait jamais \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9unie en une seule \u00e9tude pour permettre \u00e0 l\u2019aire nord du territoire maya d\u2019\u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme un ensemble, ce qui aurait ainsi aid\u00e9 les chercheurs \u00e0 identifier des tendances globales dans son apog\u00e9e et dans sa chute.<\/p><div class=\"1665f18d14f35dd9e7566e1a8ac9a3e9\" data-index=\"2\" style=\"float: none; margin:10px 0 10px 0; text-align:center;\">\n<script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\"\r\n     data-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-2860849627502538\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"3019501113\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"13897\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/decouvrez-la-cause-de-lextinction-des-mayas\/temple-maya-4\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/temple-maya-3.jpg?fit=462%2C315&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"462,315\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"temple-maya\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/temple-maya-3.jpg?fit=462%2C315&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13897 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/temple-maya-3.jpg?resize=462%2C315\" alt=\"temple-maya\" width=\"462\" height=\"315\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/temple-maya-3.jpg?w=462&amp;ssl=1 462w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/temple-maya-3.jpg?resize=300%2C205&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 462px) 100vw, 462px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Depuis, une \u00e9tude publi\u00e9e en d\u00e9cembre 2015 par des arch\u00e9ologues am\u00e9ricains et britanniques a r\u00e9uni, pour la premi\u00e8re fois, toutes les donn\u00e9es recueillies afin de calculer les \u00e2ges des centres urbains du nord du territoire maya.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ce que l\u2019\u00e9quipe constata modifie consid\u00e9rablement notre compr\u00e9hension de cette \u00e9poque puisque, contrairement \u00e0 la croyance qui pr\u00e9valait jusque-l\u00e0, la r\u00e9gion nord du territoire maya se r\u00e9v\u00e9la avoir subi non pas une p\u00e9riode de s\u00e8cheresse, mais deux. Les chiffres montr\u00e8rent ainsi un d\u00e9clin de 70 % des inscriptions dans les calendriers en pierre dans la seconde moiti\u00e9 du IXe si\u00e8cle et le m\u00eame sch\u00e9ma fut observ\u00e9 dans la datation au carbone 14, celle-ci indiquant que le nombre de constructions en bois baissa \u00e0 la m\u00eame p\u00e9riode dans la r\u00e9gion nord.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Les chercheurs pensent que ce d\u00e9clin cr\u00e9atif indique un effondrement politique et soci\u00e9tal dans le nord de la r\u00e9gion \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque. Et bien que cette aire g\u00e9ographique ait certainement mieux \u00e9volu\u00e9 que le sud de la r\u00e9gion, les nouvelles recherches sugg\u00e9raient que le nord avait lui aussi significativement d\u00e9clin\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"13898\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/decouvrez-la-cause-de-lextinction-des-mayas\/temple-maya-5\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/temple-maya-4.jpg?fit=483%2C323&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"483,323\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"temple-maya\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/temple-maya-4.jpg?fit=483%2C323&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13898 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/temple-maya-4.jpg?resize=483%2C323\" alt=\"temple-maya\" width=\"483\" height=\"323\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/temple-maya-4.jpg?w=483&amp;ssl=1 483w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/temple-maya-4.jpg?resize=300%2C201&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 483px) 100vw, 483px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">La seconde p\u00e9riode de d\u00e9clin survint apr\u00e8s une br\u00e8ve reprise au cours du Xe si\u00e8cle (celle-ci \u00e9tant survenue apr\u00e8s une augmentation des pr\u00e9cipitations). Pour cette \u00e9poque, les chercheurs remarqu\u00e8rent une autre crise dans la construction de nombreux sites \u00e0 travers le territoire maya du nord : le nombre de sculptures sur pierre et autres activit\u00e9s de construction semble avoir chut\u00e9 de moiti\u00e9 entre l\u2019an 1000 et l\u2019an 1075. Et comme lors de la premi\u00e8re crise 200 ans plus t\u00f4t, les chercheurs ont d\u00e9couvert que le XIe si\u00e8cle co\u00efncidait avec un contexte de grave s\u00e9cheresse.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">La s\u00e9cheresse du XIe si\u00e8cle semble avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 la pire que la r\u00e9gion ait connue en l\u2019espace de 2000 ans et l\u2019on peut certainement parler de \u00ab m\u00e9ga-s\u00e9cheresse \u00bb. Les donn\u00e9es climatiques montrent ainsi que les pr\u00e9cipitations ont diminu\u00e9 de fa\u00e7on spectaculaire de 1020 \u00e0 1120 environ, ce qui co\u00efncide avec les dates constat\u00e9es de l\u2019effondrement du nord du territoire maya.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"13899\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/decouvrez-la-cause-de-lextinction-des-mayas\/temple-maya-6\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/temple-maya-5.jpg?fit=600%2C303&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"600,303\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"temple-maya\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/temple-maya-5.jpg?fit=600%2C303&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13899 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/temple-maya-5.jpg?resize=600%2C303\" alt=\"temple-maya\" width=\"600\" height=\"303\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/temple-maya-5.jpg?w=600&amp;ssl=1 600w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/temple-maya-5.jpg?resize=300%2C152&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">L\u2019\u00e9tude parue en d\u00e9cembre 2015, qui recoupe de nombreuses donn\u00e9es, permet d\u2019affirmer que les changements climatiques caus\u00e8rent non pas une, mais deux p\u00e9riodes d\u00e9vastatrices de d\u00e9clin maya. Et si la premi\u00e8re vague de s\u00e9cheresse sembla avoir d\u00e9cim\u00e9 le sud du territoire maya, il semble que la seconde vague ait d\u00e9cim\u00e9 le nord.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Apr\u00e8s cette deuxi\u00e8me vague, les Mayas paraissent ne s\u2019\u00eatre jamais relev\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">La plupart des explications arch\u00e9ologiques au d\u00e9clin maya impliquent l\u2019agriculture, dont toutes les grandes civilisations \u00e9taient tributaires, pour se nourrir comme pour leur \u00e9conomie. Ainsi, l\u2019explication la plus probable \u00e9tablit que ces ann\u00e9es de faibles rendements pourraient avoir progressivement diminu\u00e9 l\u2019influence politique des Mayas, pour finalement aboutir \u00e0 la d\u00e9sint\u00e9gration quasi totale de cette soci\u00e9t\u00e9 ancestrale.<\/p>\n<p>extrait et source de <a href=\"http:\/\/dailygeekshow.com\/maya-civilisation-disparition\/\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/dailygeekshow.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"bawpvc-ajax-counter\" data-id=\"13893\">(1411)<\/p>\n<!--CusAds0-->\n<div style=\"font-size: 0px; height: 0px; line-height: 0px; margin: 0; padding: 0; clear: both;\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La civilisation maya est l\u2019une des plus puissantes et ing\u00e9nieuses qui aient v\u00e9cu sur Terre. Cependant, on sait encore bien&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":13894,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"D\u00e9couvrez la cause de l'extinction des Mayas @laterredufutur","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[33],"tags":[384,41,1609,233,712,55,329,6160],"class_list":["post-13893","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-archeologie","tag-civilisation","tag-climat","tag-disparition","tag-histoire","tag-maya","tag-meteo","tag-secheresse","tag-temple","wpcat-33-id"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/temple-maya.jpg?fit=805%2C453&ssl=1","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p631RN-3C5","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":778,"url":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/les-mayas-auraient-disparu-par-manque-de-tempetes-tropicales\/","url_meta":{"origin":13893,"position":0},"title":"Les Mayas auraient disparu&#8230; par manque de temp\u00eates tropicales","author":"Admin","date":"26 f\u00e9vrier 2012","format":false,"excerpt":"Une nouvelle th\u00e9orie explique la disparition de la civilisation maya. Certains seront peut-\u00eatre d\u00e9\u00e7us : il ne s\u2019agit pas d\u2019une catastrophe majeure telle qu\u2019une guerre, un tremblement de terre ou des s\u00e9cheresses r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es. Les Mayas auraient bien manqu\u00e9 d\u2019eau dans les basses terres du Yucatan mais \u00e0 cause d'une diminution\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Divers&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Divers","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/sujets\/divers\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":2505,"url":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/la-civilisation-maya-a-disparu-a-cause-dune-secheresse\/","url_meta":{"origin":13893,"position":1},"title":"La civilisation maya a disparu \u00e0 cause d&rsquo;une s\u00e9cheresse","author":"Admin","date":"15 mars 2015","format":false,"excerpt":"Le changement climatique, responsable d'une longue s\u00e9cheresse catastrophique, a \u00e9t\u00e9 fatal \u00e0 la civilisation maya, selon des chercheurs. Elle faisait partie des cultures les plus grandioses et avanc\u00e9es de son \u00e9poque. Mais \u00e0 l\u2019aube du IXe si\u00e8cle, la civilisation maya a brutalement disparu. Une \u00e9tude scientifique de novembre 2012 a\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Arch\u00e9ologie&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Arch\u00e9ologie","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/sujets\/archeologie\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/laterredufutur.com_photos_maya-0.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":1870,"url":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/un-monde-condamne\/","url_meta":{"origin":13893,"position":2},"title":"Un monde condamn\u00e9","author":"Admin","date":"20 mars 2014","format":false,"excerpt":"Comme les Romains ou les Mayas avant nous, notre civilisation moderne et industrielle pourrait bien \u00eatre condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 dispara\u00eetre. C\u2019est ce qu\u2019assure une \u00e9tude du Centre de vols spatiaux Goddard de la Nasa, rapport\u00e9e par The Guardian. Ce n\u2019est pas la premi\u00e8re fois que l\u2019on pr\u00e9dit la fin du monde.\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Monde Futur&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Monde Futur","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/sujets\/monde-futur\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":23966,"url":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/decouverte-du-plus-grand-et-plus-ancien-edifice-maya-au-mexique\/","url_meta":{"origin":13893,"position":3},"title":"D\u00e9couverte du plus grand et plus ancien \u00e9difice Maya au Mexique","author":"Admin","date":"16 avril 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"En 2020, une \u00e9quipe d\u2019arch\u00e9ologues dirig\u00e9e par le Japonais Takeshi Inomata, de l\u2019universit\u00e9 de l\u2019Arizona, publiait dans la revue scientifique am\u00e9ricaine Nature le r\u00e9sultat d\u2019explorations men\u00e9es depuis 2017 autour du lieu-dit Aguada F\u00e9nix, dans l\u2019Etat de Tabasco, non loin de la fronti\u00e8re avec le Guatemala : la mise en \u00e9vidence\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Arch\u00e9ologie&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Arch\u00e9ologie","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/sujets\/archeologie\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/pyramide-maya.jpg?fit=1024%2C672&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/pyramide-maya.jpg?fit=1024%2C672&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/pyramide-maya.jpg?fit=1024%2C672&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/pyramide-maya.jpg?fit=1024%2C672&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":27492,"url":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/leffondrement-de-la-civilisation-maya-la-secheresse-nexplique-pas-tout\/","url_meta":{"origin":13893,"position":4},"title":"L&rsquo;effondrement de la civilisation maya : la s\u00e9cheresse n&rsquo;explique pas tout","author":"Admin","date":"5 d\u00e9cembre 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"Entre 750 et 900 de notre \u00e8re, la population des basses terres mayas d'Am\u00e9rique centrale a connu un important d\u00e9clin d\u00e9mographique et politique qui, selon la litt\u00e9rature scientifique, a co\u00efncid\u00e9 avec des \u00e9pisodes r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9cheresse intense. Pendant des d\u00e9cennies, les scientifiques ont cru que l'effondrement de la civilisation maya\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Arch\u00e9ologie&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Arch\u00e9ologie","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/sujets\/archeologie\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/pyramide-maya.jpg?fit=1024%2C672&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/pyramide-maya.jpg?fit=1024%2C672&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/pyramide-maya.jpg?fit=1024%2C672&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/pyramide-maya.jpg?fit=1024%2C672&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":16420,"url":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/une-immense-cite-maya-vient-detre-decouverte-au-coeur-du-guatemala\/","url_meta":{"origin":13893,"position":5},"title":"Une immense cit\u00e9 maya vient d\u2019\u00eatre d\u00e9couverte au c\u0153ur du Guatemala","author":"Admin","date":"21 mars 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"La jungle guat\u00e9malt\u00e8que nous cache encore bien des secrets. Une \u00e9quipe de chercheurs a en effet utilis\u00e9 la technologie du \u00ab LIDAR \u00bb pour d\u00e9couvrir pr\u00e8s de 60 000 structures des Mayas qui \u00e9taient encore totalement inconnues \u00e0 ce jour. Une trouvaille arch\u00e9ologique sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent qui nous en apprend bien\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Arch\u00e9ologie&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Arch\u00e9ologie","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/sujets\/archeologie\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/cite-guatemala.jpg?fit=640%2C363&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/cite-guatemala.jpg?fit=640%2C363&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/cite-guatemala.jpg?fit=640%2C363&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13893","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13893"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13893\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13901,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13893\/revisions\/13901"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13894"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13893"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13893"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13893"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}