{"id":11684,"date":"2016-04-06T16:04:26","date_gmt":"2016-04-06T14:04:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/?p=11684"},"modified":"2016-04-06T16:04:26","modified_gmt":"2016-04-06T14:04:26","slug":"1816-lannee-sans-ete-apres-leruption-du-tambora","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/1816-lannee-sans-ete-apres-leruption-du-tambora\/","title":{"rendered":"1816 : l&rsquo;ann\u00e9e sans \u00e9t\u00e9 apr\u00e8s l&rsquo;\u00e9ruption du Tambora"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"1665f18d14f35dd9e7566e1a8ac9a3e9\" data-index=\"1\" style=\"float: none; margin:10px 0 10px 0; text-align:center;\">\n<script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\"\r\n     data-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-2860849627502538\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"3019501113\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Il y a 201 ans, le 5 avril 1815, la plus puissante \u00e9ruption volcanique document\u00e9e par l&rsquo;homme d\u00e9butait, celle du volcan Tambora sur l&rsquo;\u00eele de Sumbawa en Indon\u00e9sie. Elle eut une puissance estim\u00e9e \u00e0 plus de 10 000 fois les bombes d&rsquo;Hiroshima et de Nagasaki r\u00e9unies. Les explosions ont \u00e9t\u00e9 entendues \u00e0 plus de 1 400 km de distance. Paris intramuros serait couverte de 1 000 m d&rsquo;\u00e9paisseur si la totalit\u00e9 du d\u00e9p\u00f4t y \u00e9tait ramen\u00e9. Des raz-de-mar\u00e9e s&rsquo;abattirent sur les \u00eeles \u00e0 plusieurs centaines de kilom\u00e8tres de distance. L&rsquo;\u00e9v\u00e8nement fit au moins 60 000 victimes.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"11686\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/1816-lannee-sans-ete-apres-leruption-du-tambora\/tambora-1815-2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/Tambora-1815-1.jpg?fit=733%2C534&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"733,534\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Tambora-1815\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/Tambora-1815-1.jpg?fit=733%2C534&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11686\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/Tambora-1815-1.jpg?resize=733%2C534\" alt=\"Tambora-1815\" width=\"733\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/Tambora-1815-1.jpg?w=733&amp;ssl=1 733w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/Tambora-1815-1.jpg?resize=300%2C219&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 733px) 100vw, 733px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Cet \u00e9ruption titanesque influen\u00e7a grandement le climat, cons\u00e9quence directe de l&rsquo;injection en haute atmosph\u00e8re des 100 millions de tonnes d&rsquo;a\u00e9rosols produits. Ces derniers ont notablement modifi\u00e9 l&rsquo;alb\u00e9do de notre atmosph\u00e8re en augmentant sa capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 renvoyer vers l\u2019espace l\u2019\u00e9nergie lumineuse du soleil et donc, les infrarouges qui apportent la chaleur.<\/p><div class=\"1665f18d14f35dd9e7566e1a8ac9a3e9\" data-index=\"2\" style=\"float: none; margin:10px 0 10px 0; text-align:center;\">\n<script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\"\r\n     data-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-2860849627502538\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"3019501113\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">L&rsquo;ann\u00e9e 1816 est ainsi connue comme \u00ab\u00a0l&rsquo;ann\u00e9e sans \u00e9t\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb. Aux Etats-Unis, des chutes de neige furent recens\u00e9es en juin dans le Maine, vers New York. La glace \u00e9tait encore observ\u00e9e sur les lacs en plein \u00e9t\u00e9 en Pennsylvanie. Les r\u00e9coltes furent d\u00e9truites avant m\u00eame d&rsquo;arriver \u00e0 maturit\u00e9 sur la C\u00f4te Est, notamment en Massachussetts et au New Jersey. En Europe des temp\u00e9ratures bien en-dessous des normales et de fortes pluies d\u00e9truisirent des r\u00e9coltes. En Chine, les r\u00e9coltes de riz furent calamiteuses en raison du froid. Des chutes de neige se sont produites en plein \u00e9t\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/eJfMUW-Uidc?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=fr-FR&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/p>\n<p>source : <a href=\"http:\/\/www.meteo-paris.com\/actualites\/1816-l-annee-sans-ete-apres-l-eruption-du-tambora-04-avril-2016.html\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.meteo-paris.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"bawpvc-ajax-counter\" data-id=\"11684\">(1317)<\/p>\n<!--CusAds0-->\n<div style=\"font-size: 0px; height: 0px; line-height: 0px; margin: 0; padding: 0; clear: both;\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Il y a 201 ans, le 5 avril 1815, la plus puissante \u00e9ruption volcanique document\u00e9e par l&rsquo;homme d\u00e9butait, celle du&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":11685,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"1816 : l'ann\u00e9e sans \u00e9t\u00e9 apr\u00e8s l'\u00e9ruption du #Tambora @laterredufutur","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[33,19],"tags":[2679,374,671,1382,1635,2678,64,108],"class_list":["post-11684","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-archeologie","category-seismes-et-volcans","tag-2679","tag-eruption","tag-explosion","tag-indonesie","tag-raz-de-maree","tag-tambora","tag-temperatures","tag-tsunami","wpcat-33-id","wpcat-19-id"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/Tambora-1815.jpg?fit=700%2C441&ssl=1","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p631RN-32s","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":22344,"url":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/le-10-avril-1815-le-tambora-explosait-dans-une-explosion-cataclysmique\/","url_meta":{"origin":11684,"position":0},"title":"Le 10 avril 1815, le Tambora explosait dans une explosion cataclysmique","author":"Admin","date":"10 avril 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"Il y a exactement 206 ans, le 10 avril 1815, le mont Tambora sur l'\u00eele de Sumbawa, dans l'ouest de Nusa Tenggara, en Indon\u00e9sie explosait dans une explosion cataclysmique avec un VEI (indice d'explosivit\u00e9 volcanique) de 7 ! Cette \u00e9ruption du mont Tambora est la plus grande \u00e9ruption que le\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Seismes\/Volcans&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Seismes\/Volcans","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/sujets\/seismes-et-volcans\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/tambora-volcan-3.jpg?fit=1000%2C660&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/tambora-volcan-3.jpg?fit=1000%2C660&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/tambora-volcan-3.jpg?fit=1000%2C660&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/tambora-volcan-3.jpg?fit=1000%2C660&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":3046,"url":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/leruption-cataclysmale-du-volcan-tambora-en-1815\/","url_meta":{"origin":11684,"position":1},"title":"L&rsquo;\u00e9ruption cataclysmale du volcan Tambora en 1815","author":"Admin","date":"8 avril 2015","format":false,"excerpt":"Il y a 200 ans, l'\u00e9ruption cataclysmale du volcan Tambora le 10 avril 1815.\u00a0Le stratovolcan du Tambora est situ\u00e9 sur la pointe Ouest de l\u2019\u00eele de Sumbawa, \u00e0 l\u2019Est de l\u2019archipel indon\u00e9sien. C\u2019est un \u00e9norme stratovolcan de 60 km de diam\u00e8tre avec au centre une caldeira de 6 km de\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Seismes\/Volcans&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Seismes\/Volcans","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/sujets\/seismes-et-volcans\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/tambora-1816.jpg?fit=576%2C379&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/tambora-1816.jpg?fit=576%2C379&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/tambora-1816.jpg?fit=576%2C379&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":10717,"url":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/un-ete-sans-soleil\/","url_meta":{"origin":11684,"position":2},"title":"Un \u00e9t\u00e9 sans soleil","author":"Admin","date":"2 f\u00e9vrier 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"Cet \u00e9t\u00e9 de 1816, pluies, gr\u00eales et chutes de neiges n\u2019ont cess\u00e9 de se succ\u00e9der. En Europe et en Am\u00e9rique du Nord, les moissons pourrissent sur pieds et cr\u00e9ent une telle p\u00e9nurie de nourriture que famines et \u00e9pid\u00e9mies s\u00e9vissent dans tout l\u2019h\u00e9misph\u00e8re nord. Cette ann\u00e9e-l\u00e0, ils sont des centaines de\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Seismes\/Volcans&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Seismes\/Volcans","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/sujets\/seismes-et-volcans\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/soleil-brume.jpg?fit=682%2C454&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/soleil-brume.jpg?fit=682%2C454&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/soleil-brume.jpg?fit=682%2C454&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":13087,"url":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/un-ete-sans-soleil-2\/","url_meta":{"origin":11684,"position":3},"title":"Un \u00e9t\u00e9 sans soleil","author":"Admin","date":"2 septembre 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"Cet \u00e9t\u00e9 de 1816, pluies, gr\u00eales et chutes de neiges n\u2019ont cess\u00e9 de se succ\u00e9der. En Europe et en Am\u00e9rique du Nord, les moissons pourrissent sur pieds et cr\u00e9ent une telle p\u00e9nurie de nourriture que famines et \u00e9pid\u00e9mies s\u00e9vissent dans tout l\u2019h\u00e9misph\u00e8re nord. Cette ann\u00e9e-l\u00e0, ils sont des centaines de\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Seismes\/Volcans&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Seismes\/Volcans","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/sujets\/seismes-et-volcans\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/tambora-1816.jpg?fit=576%2C379&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/tambora-1816.jpg?fit=576%2C379&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/tambora-1816.jpg?fit=576%2C379&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":16215,"url":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/six-volcans-a-surveiller-de-pres-en-2018\/","url_meta":{"origin":11684,"position":4},"title":"Six volcans \u00e0 surveiller de pr\u00e8s en 2018","author":"Admin","date":"28 janvier 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"Chaque semaine de 2017, les scientifiques ont enregistr\u00e9 entre 14 et 27 \u00e9ruptions de volcans. Voici ceux d'entre eux qui pr\u00e9sentent les signes les plus inqui\u00e9tants d'activit\u00e9 pour 2018. Si l\u2019\u00e9ruption du Mont Agung a focalis\u00e9 l\u2019attention ces derniers mois, les \u00e9ruptions volcaniques sont monnaie courante en Indon\u00e9sie. Sur les\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Seismes\/Volcans&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Seismes\/Volcans","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/sujets\/seismes-et-volcans\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/le-volcan-popocatepetl-au-mexique.jpg?fit=1000%2C500&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/le-volcan-popocatepetl-au-mexique.jpg?fit=1000%2C500&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/le-volcan-popocatepetl-au-mexique.jpg?fit=1000%2C500&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/le-volcan-popocatepetl-au-mexique.jpg?fit=1000%2C500&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":11233,"url":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/les-11-plus-grandes-eruptions-volcaniques-depuis-4000-ans\/","url_meta":{"origin":11684,"position":5},"title":"Les plus grandes \u00e9ruptions volcaniques depuis 4000 ans","author":"Admin","date":"10 mars 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"L'histoire a vu de monstrueuses \u00e9ruptions volcaniques, des \u00e9poques de refroidissement du mont Pinatubo \u00e0 l'explosion du MontTambora, l'un des plus hauts sommets de l'archipel indon\u00e9sien. La puissance de ces \u00e9ruptions est mesur\u00e9e en utilisant l'indice\u00a0explosibilit\u00e9\u00a0volcanique (VEI), un syst\u00e8me de classification mis au point dans\u00a0les ann\u00e9es 1980 qui peut \u00eatre\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Arch\u00e9ologie&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Arch\u00e9ologie","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/sujets\/archeologie\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/eruption-du-volcan-calbuco-23-avril-2015.jpg?fit=648%2C415&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/eruption-du-volcan-calbuco-23-avril-2015.jpg?fit=648%2C415&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/eruption-du-volcan-calbuco-23-avril-2015.jpg?fit=648%2C415&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11684","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11684"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11684\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11687,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11684\/revisions\/11687"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11685"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11684"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11684"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11684"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}