{"id":1059,"date":"2012-10-02T23:00:00","date_gmt":"2012-10-02T22:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/wordpress\/?p=1059"},"modified":"2026-06-07T20:14:55","modified_gmt":"2026-06-07T20:14:55","slug":"influence-de-la-stratosphere-sur-le-climat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/influence-de-la-stratosphere-sur-le-climat\/","title":{"rendered":"Influence de la stratosph\u00e8re sur le climat"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"1665f18d14f35dd9e7566e1a8ac9a3e9\" data-index=\"1\" style=\"float: none; margin:10px 0 10px 0; text-align:center;\">\n<script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\"\r\n     data-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-2860849627502538\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"3019501113\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"459\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/influence-de-la-stratosphere-sur-le-climat\/stratosphere\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/07\/stratosphere.jpg?fit=271%2C186&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"271,186\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"stratosphere\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/07\/stratosphere.jpg?fit=271%2C186&amp;ssl=1\" class=\" alignleft size-full wp-image-459\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/07\/stratosphere.jpg?w=120\" border=\"0\" alt=\"stratopsh\u00e8re\"  style=\"float: left;\" \/>Jusqu&rsquo;au milieu des ann\u00e9es 1990, la communaut\u00e9 des scientifiques \u00e9tudiant le climat, sa variabilit\u00e9 et son \u00e9volution future \u00e9tait largement distincte de celle \u00e9tudiant la stratosph\u00e8re. La vision commune justifiant le peu d&rsquo;int\u00e9r\u00eat des climatologues \u00e9tait que la stratosph\u00e8re, qui ne repr\u00e9sente que 10 \u00e0 20% de la masse atmosph\u00e9rique, ne pouvait pas avoir une influence substantielle sur la troposph\u00e8re. Cependant, il appara\u00eet clairement aujourd&rsquo;hui que la variabilit\u00e9 de la troposph\u00e8re influence celle de la stratosph\u00e8re et vice-versa. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">   <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><br \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Cet effet en retour a au moins deux origines. La premi\u00e8re provient du fait que la stratosph\u00e8re contient des gaz importants pour la chimie mais aussi pour le bilan radiatif de l&rsquo;atmosph\u00e8re, en particulier l&rsquo;ozone et la vapeur d&rsquo;eau. La seconde provient du fait que les changements de la circulation stratosph\u00e9rique peuvent se propager vers le bas et cr\u00e9er des changements significatifs de la circulation troposph\u00e9rique et donc du climat. Il faut souligner en outre que la composition chimique et la dynamique sont fortement coupl\u00e9es dans la stratosph\u00e8re.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Influence de la circulation stratosph\u00e9rique sur le climat.\u00a0Alors que, jusqu\u2019\u00e0 il y a une quinzaine d\u2019ann\u00e9es, la communaut\u00e9 scientifique \u00e9tudiant le climat, savariabilit\u00e9 et son \u00e9volution ne s\u2019int\u00e9ressait que peu \u00e0 la moyenne\u00a0 atmosph\u00e8re, beaucoup\u00a0d\u2019institutions ont accru leurs efforts en vue de mieux repr\u00e9senter la stratosph\u00e8re (couche situ\u00e9e au del\u00e0 de 15 kilom\u00e8tres d\u2019altitude), afin d\u2019en \u00e9tudier l\u2019impact sur le climat. En effet,\u00a0traditionnellement, d\u2019un point de vue dynamique, la troposph\u00e8re \u00e9tait consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme le moteur\u00a0de la stratosph\u00e8re \u00e0 travers le transfert de la quantit\u00e9 de mouvement angulaire par les ondes qui\u00a0cause, localement, dans la stratosph\u00e8re, l\u2019\u00e9loignement des conditions d\u2019\u00e9quilibre radiatif et induit\u00a0des ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes dynamiques (tels que les r\u00e9chauffements stratosph\u00e9riques soudains pendant\u00a0l\u2019hiver). <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Pourtant, on admet aujourd\u2019hui qu\u2019il existe aussi toute une vari\u00e9t\u00e9 de m\u00e9canismes de\u00a0couplage par lesquels la stratosph\u00e8re influence la troposph\u00e8re, y compris \u00e0 des \u00e9chelles\u00a0temporelles de l\u2019ordre de quelques mois, ce qui a amen\u00e9 les grands centres de pr\u00e9dictions\u00a0m\u00e9t\u00e9orologiques \u00e0 \u00e9tendre leurs\u00a0 mod\u00e8les \u00e0 la stratosph\u00e8re pour d\u00e9crire correctement ces\u00a0interactions troposph\u00e8re-stratosph\u00e8re et am\u00e9liorer les pr\u00e9dictions \u00e0 moyen terme.\u00a0 La question de\u00a0l\u2019influence de la stratosph\u00e8re sur le syst\u00e8me\u00a0 climatique est actuellement l\u2019une des grandes\u00a0probl\u00e9matiques auxquelles la communaut\u00e9 scientifique s\u2019int\u00e9resse (voir le projet\u00a0SPARC :\u00ab Stratospheric processes and their role in Climate \u00bb; http:\/\/www.sparc-climate.org\/ <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: small; color: #000000;\">).<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script> <!-- TDF2 --> <ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"      style=\"display:inline-block;width:336px;height:280px\"      data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-2860849627502538\"      data-ad-slot=\"1340140919\"><\/ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); <\/script> <\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">L&rsquo;une des composantes les plus \u00e9tonnantes est certainement : <\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: small;\">La Circulation de Brewer Dobson<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Le transport des masses d&rsquo;air des tropiques vers les p\u00f4les s&rsquo;appelle la circulation de Brewer Dobson. Ce mouvement est tr\u00e8s lent (environ 10 m\u00e8tres\/jour). Cette circulation a un impact majeur sur le vortex polaire. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Mais une nouvelle d\u00e9couverte sera d\u00e9montr\u00e9e dans le prochain article de la Terre du Futur. Quand la stratosph\u00e8re a un impact sur la circulation oc\u00e9anique&#8230; <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><br \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">sources :\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ipsl.fr\/\">http:\/\/www.ipsl.fr\/<\/a> \/\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.enseignement.polytechnique.fr\/\">http:\/\/www.enseignement.polytechnique.fr\/<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.atmosphere.mpg.de\/\">http:\/\/www.atmosphere.mpg.de<\/a> \/<\/p>\n<p class=\"bawpvc-ajax-counter\" data-id=\"1059\">(378)<\/p>\n<!--CusAds0-->\n<div style=\"font-size: 0px; height: 0px; line-height: 0px; margin: 0; padding: 0; clear: both;\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\" alignleft size-full wp-image-459\" src=\"http:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/07\/stratosphere.jpg\" border=\"0\" alt=\"stratopsh\u00e8re\" width=\"120\" style=\"float: left;\" \/>Jusqu&rsquo;au milieu des ann\u00e9es 1990, la communaut\u00e9 des scientifiques \u00e9tudiant le climat, sa variabilit\u00e9 et son \u00e9volution future \u00e9tait largement distincte de celle \u00e9tudiant la stratosph\u00e8re. La vision commune justifiant le peu d&rsquo;int\u00e9r\u00eat des climatologues \u00e9tait que la stratosph\u00e8re, qui ne repr\u00e9sente que 10 \u00e0 20% de la masse atmosph\u00e9rique, ne pouvait pas avoir une influence substantielle sur la troposph\u00e8re. Cependant, il appara\u00eet clairement aujourd&rsquo;hui que la variabilit\u00e9 de la troposph\u00e8re influence celle de la stratosph\u00e8re et vice-versa. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":459,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[20],"tags":[1387,631,41,1138,1386,299,551],"class_list":["post-1059","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-climat","tag-brewer-dobson","tag-circulation","tag-climat","tag-gaz","tag-ocea","tag-stratosphere","tag-vortex","wpcat-20-id"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/07\/stratosphere.jpg?fit=271%2C186&ssl=1","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p631RN-h5","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":2956,"url":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/une-atmosphere-malade-vers-une-super-tempete\/","url_meta":{"origin":1059,"position":0},"title":"Une atmosph\u00e8re malade, vers une super temp\u00eate ?","author":"Admin","date":"27 juin 2005","format":false,"excerpt":"La m\u00e9sosph\u00e8re, qui s'\u00e9tend au-dessus de la stratosph\u00e8re (\u00a0entre 50 et 80 kilom\u00e8tres d'altitude\u00a0), se refroidit de 0,6\u00b0C par an depuis dix ans, soit dix fois plus vite qu'on le pensait autrefois. Mais voyez ici l'influence que peuvent avoir les diff\u00e9rentes couches de l'atmosph\u00e8re sur le climat... Les sympt\u00f4mes sont\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Climat&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Climat","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/sujets\/climat\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":4021,"url":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/chronique-dun-refroidissement-stratospherique-et-du-climat\/","url_meta":{"origin":1059,"position":1},"title":"Chronique d&rsquo;un refroidissement stratosph\u00e9rique et du climat","author":"Admin","date":"7 juin 2007","format":false,"excerpt":"Par Gavin Schmidt (traduit de l'anglais par Vincent No\u00ebl) Des \u00e9tudes r\u00e9centes du changement climatique (MSU temp\u00e9rature Record, ACIA) ont mis en \u00e9vidence un refroidissement de la stratosph\u00e8re, en parall\u00e8le a un apparent r\u00e9chauffement de la surface et la basse atmosph\u00e8re (troposph\u00e8re). La stratosph\u00e8re se situe entre 12 et 50\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Climat&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Climat","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/sujets\/climat\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/stratosphere.jpg?fit=430%2C280&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":460,"url":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/la-vapeur-deau-stratospherique\/","url_meta":{"origin":1059,"position":2},"title":"La vapeur d&rsquo;eau stratosph\u00e9rique","author":"Admin","date":"31 juillet 2011","format":false,"excerpt":"Une \u00e9tude a \u00e9valu\u00e9 la contribution de la vapeur d\u2019eau pr\u00e9sente dans la stratosph\u00e8re sur le bilan radiatif de la Terre, et ainsi l\u2019amplitude de son impact sur le r\u00e9chauffement plan\u00e9taire. Au cours de la p\u00e9riode 2000-2009, l\u2019eau stratosph\u00e9rique aurait ralenti le taux d\u2019augmentation de la temp\u00e9rature plan\u00e9taire de 25%.\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Climat&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Climat","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/sujets\/climat\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":3183,"url":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/la-stratosphere-lozone-et-le-refroidissement\/","url_meta":{"origin":1059,"position":3},"title":"La stratosph\u00e8re, l&rsquo;ozone et le refroidissement","author":"Admin","date":"19 d\u00e9cembre 2005","format":false,"excerpt":"On pourrait minimiser le probl\u00e8me de l'ozone stratosph\u00e9rique et pourtant ! Nous voil\u00e0 donc confront\u00e9 \u00e0 un probl\u00e8me d\u00e9couvert il y a plus de 20 ans : l'Ozone stratosph\u00e9rique. Mais en cette ann\u00e9e 2005 : le record de temp\u00e9rature la plus basse a \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9e au sommet de l'ouragan Wilma\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Climat&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Climat","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/sujets\/climat\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/courantJet.gif?fit=300%2C295&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":5246,"url":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/les-scientifiques-de-la-noaa-demelent-les-mysteres-del-nino\/","url_meta":{"origin":1059,"position":4},"title":"Les scientifiques de la NOAA d\u00e9m\u00ealent les myst\u00e8res d&rsquo;El Ni\u00f1o","author":"Admin","date":"8 f\u00e9vrier 2010","format":false,"excerpt":"Nous avions la certitude que les ondes du Soleil avaient la capacit\u00e9 de guider la m\u00e9t\u00e9o comme le sugg\u00e9rait mon pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent article. Nous voici rejoints par une \u00e9quipe scientifique qui vient de d\u00e9montrer comment le ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne El Nino influe sur le Vortex Polaire et la m\u00e9t\u00e9o terrestre. Si les particules\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;M\u00e9t\u00e9orologie&quot;","block_context":{"text":"M\u00e9t\u00e9orologie","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/sujets\/meteorologie\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/spaw\/images\/layers.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":1058,"url":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/les-vents-stratospheriques-peuvent-perturber-la-circulation-oceanique-et-le-climat\/","url_meta":{"origin":1059,"position":5},"title":"Les Vents stratosph\u00e9riques peuvent perturber la circulation oc\u00e9anique, et le climat","author":"Admin","date":"4 octobre 2012","format":false,"excerpt":"Voici la preuve que les changements de la circulation stratosph\u00e9rique pourrait entra\u00eener des changements oc\u00e9aniques, et donc des changements climatiques. La\u00a0Stratosph\u00e8re cible la haute mer et peut fa\u00e7onner le climat. Cela serait donc le\u00a0\u00abTalon d'Achille\u00bb de l'Atlantique Nord. SALT LAKE CITY, Le 23 septembre 2012 - Une \u00e9tude de l'Universit\u00e9\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Courants Marins&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Courants Marins","link":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/sujets\/circulation-oceanique\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/06\/groenland.jpg?fit=344%2C260&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1059","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1059"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1059\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/459"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1059"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1059"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laterredufutur.com\/accueil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1059"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}